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A mouse study published in 2026 reported that a targeted formulation carrying niclosamide reduced endometriosis-like lesions and pain-related sensitivity two weeks after one injection. It is an early preclinical finding, not evidence that niclosamide treats endometriosis in people. The study authors cite an estimate that endometriosis affects about 10% of reproductive-aged women, or roughly 190 million people worldwide.
What was the experimental treatment?
The researchers did not test an ordinary tapeworm-treatment tablet. They attached niclosamide, an antiparasitic drug, to an engineered carrier called FA-2DG-D, a folic-acid-conjugated 2-deoxyglucose dendrimer. The resulting formulation, FA-2DG-D-Niclo, was designed to carry the drug toward macrophages expressing folate receptor beta (FRβ), immune cells found in association with endometriosis lesions.
The authors designed the carrier to improve niclosamide’s aqueous solubility, control its release inside cells, and direct delivery toward FRβ-expressing macrophages. In mice, they reported that the carrier accumulated at lesions and was taken up by FRβ-positive macrophages.
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What did the mouse experiment find?
How the treatment was tested
The team induced endometriosis-like lesions by introducing donor-mouse uterine tissue into recipient mice. The mice received a single intraperitoneal injection containing niclosamide at 25 or 50 mg/kg; control animals received the carrier without the drug. The experiment did not include treatment arms representing standard human care.
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Lesions and pain-related sensitivity
At the two-week assessment, the paper reported statistically significant reductions in lesion number and volume in treated mice compared with controls. ScienceAlert’s 3 October 2026 report says that no detectable lesions were found in four of eight mice in the lower-dose group and five of eight in the higher-dose group at that assessment.
The researchers also observed reduced hyperalgesia, or heightened sensitivity to painful stimuli. They assessed this in mice by measuring withdrawal responses to pressure applied to the abdomen and hind paws. These are animal pain-related measures, not reports of pain relief from patients.
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Was the treatment tested in people?
No people received the treatment. The human component was used to investigate the proposed biological target: researchers analyzed peritoneal washings from four patients aged 19–37, alongside ten previously published human cell datasets, to characterize FRβ-expressing macrophages. These samples and datasets do not constitute a clinical trial or show that the formulation works in patients.
The findings therefore provide no human efficacy result or human dosing information. In the featured treatment experiment, the reported follow-up ended two weeks after the single injection; it does not establish whether benefits last longer or what happens with repeated doses.
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Is niclosamide an endometriosis treatment now?
No. The paper describes niclosamide as an FDA-approved anthelmintic, meaning a drug used against parasitic worms. That status does not approve the engineered FA-2DG-D-Niclo formulation or niclosamide for treating endometriosis. The study identifies poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability as limitations that motivated the targeted carrier.
Corresponding author Kanako Hayashi, identified by ScienceAlert as a reproductive-biology researcher and professor at Washington State University, said the work is “still in preclinical stages” and “still a long way from being commercialized.” The experimental injectable formulation is not an established retail treatment. Do not take antiparasitic medication to try to reproduce these results.
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What the early result can—and cannot—tell us
The study authors interpret the results as support for FRβ-positive macrophages as a potential target and FA-2DG-D-Niclo as a possible nonhormonal, macrophage-focused approach. The evidence supporting that interpretation is a mouse experiment with a two-week observation point, plus human-cell analysis of the proposed target.
Because the therapeutic findings are from mice, they do not establish long-term benefit, repeat-dose safety, or effectiveness in people. And because the experiment compared the formulation with carrier alone—not hormonal treatments, surgery, or other established clinical options—it cannot show that this approach is better than current care.
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