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For Ebola virus disease caused by Ebola virus (EBOV), WHO recommends the single-dose Ervebo vaccine for outbreak response and preventive vaccination of health and frontline workers in at-risk areas. For people with RT-PCR-confirmed EBOV disease, WHO recommends either ansuvimab or REGN-EB3 alongside optimized supportive care. These recommendations do not extend to every disease-causing Ebola virus: protection against Bundibugyo virus disease in humans is unproven, and WHO says Ervebo should be used in the 2026 Bundibugyo outbreak only within a research protocol.
Why the virus species matters
“Ebola” is often used as shorthand, but several Ebola virus species cause disease in humans: Ebola virus (EBOV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Taï Forest virus (TAFV), according to WHO. A vaccine or treatment recommended for EBOV disease should not be assumed to work for all of them.
The key distinction is between Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by EBOV, for which WHO has recommended countermeasures, and diseases caused by other species. In particular, human protection against Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) has not been established.
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Which Ebola vaccine is recommended, and who can get it?
WHO’s 9 September 2026 vaccine Q&A identifies Ervebo as the only licensed and WHO-prequalified vaccine available specifically for EVD caused by EBOV. WHO recommends it for outbreak response and preventive vaccination of healthcare and frontline workers in areas at risk of future EVD outbreaks.
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- Age: WHO says Ervebo is licensed for people aged 12 months and older.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: WHO says pregnant and breastfeeding women may receive it during EVD outbreaks.
- Dose: Ervebo is a single-dose vaccine.
- Access: During an EBOV outbreak, countries can request Ervebo through the International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision global stockpile. For preventive vaccination of healthcare and frontline workers in at-risk countries, requests can be made through Gavi. These are public-health program routes, not ordinary consumer retail access.
Eligibility in a vaccination program and local availability can depend on national policy and supply. Check the health ministry or outbreak authority for current local instructions.
How Zabdeno and Mvabea fit
WHO’s disease fact sheet lists Ervebo and the Zabdeno/Mvabea vaccine regimen as approved vaccines for EVD. That does not make the regimens interchangeable. WHO’s current vaccine Q&A singles out Ervebo as the only licensed and WHO-prequalified vaccine available specifically for EBOV EVD and gives the operational recommendations above. The cited WHO material does not establish a basis for treating Zabdeno/Mvabea as a substitute for Ervebo or for claiming one is more effective than the other.
What the vaccine evidence says about Bundibugyo disease
Ervebo is designed for EBOV, not established as a vaccine for every Ebola virus. For BDBV, cross-protection is biologically plausible, but WHO says there is insufficient human evidence to determine whether Ervebo protects against BVD or to quantify any protection. WHO’s August 2026 guidance says it should be used in the current BVD outbreak only within a research protocol, with clear communication that protection has not been proven.
WHO’s May 2026 outbreak update described a BVD response in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with cases also reported in Uganda. Outbreak reports are time-specific: they do not establish where an outbreak is active now. For example, WHO reported that an EBOV outbreak declared in the DRC on 4 September 2025 ended on 1 December 2025; that historical event should not be read as a current outbreak notice.
Which treatments are recommended for confirmed EBOV disease?
For EVD caused by EBOV and confirmed by RT-PCR, WHO strongly recommends one of two antibody treatments. They are alternatives, not medicines to give together; WHO says the choice depends on availability.
| Treatment | Names | WHO-recommended use |
|---|---|---|
| Ansuvimab | mAb114; brand name Ebanga | One alternative for RT-PCR-confirmed EBOV EVD |
| REGN-EB3 | Atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab; brand name Inmazeb | The other alternative for RT-PCR-confirmed EBOV EVD |
WHO’s treatment guidance also covers neonates aged seven days or younger born to mothers with confirmed EVD, even when infection in the neonate has not been confirmed. These antibody treatments are clinical care, not self-administered consumer products.
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Supportive care is part of treatment
Antibody treatment does not replace clinical care. WHO describes optimized supportive care as including rehydration, nutrition, symptom and pain management, appropriate testing, and management of co-infections. Suspected or confirmed Ebola disease needs urgent assessment by health professionals at a designated treatment centre. WHO advises against home care.
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What is available for Bundibugyo and Sudan virus diseases?
WHO says no therapeutics are approved specifically for BVD or Sudan virus disease. In its 2026 BVD response, WHO experts prioritized candidate medicines for clinical-trial evaluation among confirmed cases; they are not established routine treatments.
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- For confirmed BVD cases: MBP134, maftivimab, and remdesivir were prioritized for clinical trials, including evaluation in combinations.
- For contacts after exposure: obeldesivir was prioritized for research evaluation as post-exposure prophylaxis. That is a research candidate, not proven prevention for routine use.
WHO’s August 2026 guidance on Ervebo and its 2026 candidate-trial announcement describe evidence and research priorities in that outbreak context; they do not establish current local trial availability or a treatment option for an individual patient.
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