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China’s rules targeting AI services that can harm users’ mental health are already in force: five agencies issued the anthropomorphic AI measures on April 10, 2026, and they took effect on July 15. They do not apply to every chatbot. Their focus is AI that sustains human-like emotional interaction, with requirements for content, user safety and protections for minors.

Which AI services do China’s rules cover?

The Interim Measures for the Management of Anthropomorphic AI Interactive Services apply to services offered to the public inside China when they use AI to simulate a natural person’s personality traits, thinking patterns and communication style in sustained emotional interaction. That interaction can happen through text, images, audio or video, and may provide companionship, emotional care or support.

The distinction is the nature of the interaction, not simply whether a product uses AI. The measures exclude intelligent customer service, knowledge question-answering, work assistants, education and scientific research when those services do not involve sustained emotional interaction. Calling this a ban or crackdown on all AI chatbots would therefore overstate the scope.

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What does China’s AI mental-health crackdown prohibit?

For covered services, the measures bar providers from generating content that encourages, glorifies or implies self-harm or suicide, as well as verbal abuse that harms a user’s dignity or mental health. They also prohibit content that could lead minors to imitate unsafe behavior, experience extreme emotions or develop harmful habits.

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The rules address how a service behaves over time, not only individual messages. Providers must not excessively cater to users in ways that induce emotional dependence or addiction, damage real-world relationships, or use emotional manipulation to steer users toward unreasonable decisions.

What happens if an AI user talks about suicide?

Covered providers must identify user-safety risks while protecting privacy and personal information, and take timely emergency measures. When a user displays extreme emotions, the measures call for calming content and encouragement to seek help.

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If a user explicitly indicates an intent to self-harm or die by suicide, or faces a comparable extreme threat to life or health, the provider must take necessary intervention steps and promptly contact a guardian or emergency contact. The text does not establish an automatic human takeover for every conversation that mentions suicide; the specified intervention and contact duties apply in those extreme circumstances.

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What must providers do about AI disclosure, usage and minors?

Services must make clear that users are interacting with AI. The measures also require dynamic reminders at specified points, including initial use, re-login or signs of excessive dependence. Providers must offer time-use reminders and make it easy for users to exit.

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For minors, the rules prohibit covered services from providing virtual relatives or partners. A guardian’s consent is required before a covered anthropomorphic interaction service can be provided to a child under 14. Providers must also offer a minors mode with safety settings that include reminders, time limits and some guardian controls.

How does the September 2026 minors proposal differ?

A separate draft State Council provision on protecting minors’ healthy and safe use of the internet was published by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) on September 18, 2026. As of September 28, it was open for public comments through October 17—not an in-force rule. It should not be confused with the July-effective anthropomorphic AI measures.

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Regulatory text Status and date Focus What it provides
Interim Measures for the Management of Anthropomorphic AI Interactive Services Issued April 10, 2026; in force from July 15, 2026 Public-facing services in China that sustain human-like emotional interaction Restrictions on harmful content and emotional dependence, risk-response duties, and safeguards for minors
Draft State Council provision on protecting minors’ healthy and safe use of the internet Published September 18, 2026; comment period through October 17, 2026 Broader online services affecting minors Proposed restrictions on services for minors involving virtual relatives or partners, addiction or serious effects on physical or mental health; also proposes minors mode for certain AI services that may affect minors’ cognition

The draft’s provisions could change after consultation. Its proposed requirements should not be described as obligations already imposed by the July measures.

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What do China’s AI enforcement figures show?

In a September 2 update on its broader second-phase “Qinglang” campaign against problematic AI applications, the CAC reported that authorities had cleared more than 5.61 million pieces of unlawful or rule-violating information, handled 49,000 accounts, and taken action on more than 2,400 websites and applications. The CAC also described examples involving AI content affecting minors and actions against problematic applications.

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Those are campaign-wide administrative totals, not counts attributable solely to the anthropomorphic AI measures. They measure enforcement activity—not the prevalence of psychological harm, whether AI caused harm, or whether the new rules have improved mental health. The cited official materials do not establish those outcomes or show how consistently providers are complying.

What the rules mean for AI providers and users

For providers, the measures make emotional-safety obligations part of operating a covered service: they must consider content, dependence, risk detection, emergency responses and safeguards for minors. The approach is intended to place boundaries around human-like AI companionship without treating every use of AI as the same kind of service.

For users, the key practical distinction is whether a product is designed for sustained emotional interaction rather than answering a question or assisting with a task. The rules specify provider responsibilities, but the official materials cited here do not quantify mental-health effects or demonstrate that the measures have reduced them.

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