iTechGuides is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Learn more
Yes. Congress controls federal spending through appropriations laws, which can specify an agency’s funding amount, account, purpose, recipients, and period of availability. The National Science Foundation (NSF) must execute its budget within those terms. Whether it can shift funds—and what notice or approval is required—depends on the law for the specific fiscal year. A reported $1.4 billion NSF carryover at the end of fiscal year 2026 has prompted questions about congressional intent, but the reporting available here does not establish that the money was transferred to another purpose or resolve whether the carryover complied with the law.
How can Congress direct NSF spending?
Congress directs federal spending by enacting appropriations. The law determines how much budget authority is available, which account receives it, what purposes it may support, and when it may be used. The more specifically Congress identifies a project or recipient, the less discretion an agency generally has over where that designated funding goes.
Not every appropriation names individual grants. A broad appropriation to an NSF account still constrains the agency through its statutory purpose, availability period, and any applicable reallocation rules; it does not necessarily instruct NSF to select a particular proposal. In its 2022 report on Community Project Funding and Congressionally Directed Spending, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) described appropriations that designated amounts for specific recipients and projects, with agencies directed to distribute the funds accordingly. GAO reported $9.1 billion for 4,963 such projects government-wide in fiscal year 2022; those figures are not NSF-specific.
Congress may also establish procedures for changing how appropriated funds are used. Those procedures are not interchangeable across years: the controlling text is the enacted law and any applicable directions for the fiscal year in question.
#1 Best Overall
- Yes, we are taking a loss. Take advantage while we gain traction. We have been strictly selling to clinicians and homeopaths for years and we now bring LipoQuil-C Liposomal Vitamin C here. 60 day supply, 120 capsules
- Effectiveness & Bioavailability Backed by Studies – Many studies show the effectiveness of LipoQuil-C Liposomal Vitamin C in supporting the immune system. LipoQuil-C has the highest bioavailability
- Incredible Health Benefits - Strong antioxidant, anti-aging promoting collagen production decreasing wrinkles, building cartilage, tendons, ligaments. Promotes immune system, brain function
- Highest Quality - Research Labs products are produced in a state-of-the-art, GMP and NSF approved USA manufacturing facility. Every batch is tested internally and via an independent laboratory
- Latest Technology - Utilizes liposomal technology to improve absorption, bioavailability and alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort by direct absorption of vita C into the bloodstream
What happens when NSF reallocates funding?
“Reallocation” can refer to different budget actions. The key first question is whether funds stay within the same appropriation or move to another one.
| Action | What changes | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Reprogramming | Funds shift within one appropriation account among programs, projects, or activities. | Whether the applicable appropriations act requires notice to committees or sets other limits. |
| Transfer | Budget authority moves between appropriations. | Whether the act authorizes the transfer, caps its amount, and imposes procedures or approval requirements. |
| Carryover | Unobligated funds remain available into a later period when the appropriation’s availability terms permit it. | The account’s period of availability, purpose restrictions, and whether the funds were later obligated or formally shifted. |
GAO’s 2023 explanation says agencies may generally reprogram appropriated funds without separate statutory authority, but appropriations acts often require notice to appropriations committees, authorizing committees, or both. The law for the particular appropriation determines the limits. A transfer is a different action because it moves budget authority between appropriations and requires the applicable legal authority.
Rank #2
- SUITABLE FOR HOME, GARDEN, and MORE: Designed for monitoring water usage and submetering in residential and commercial applications. Consistent totalizing measurement supports water billing, tracking consumption, and managing irrigation demands
- PULSE-READY MONITORING: Ready for the addition of a pulse output switch and wire for integration with digital counters or wireless metering systems, enabling remote reading and automated monitoring
- CORROSION-RESISTANT DESIGN: All wetted components are built from corrosion-resistant materials to support dependable operation over time. Meter body and couplings use low-lead brass alloy C87850 that meets potable water standards
- EASY-ACCESS MAINTENANCE: A removable inlet filter helps prevent debris from entering the measuring chamber which can lead to damage. The impeller is the only moving part in contact with water flow, ensuring long-lasting, reliable performance
- CERTIFIED COMPLIANCE COVERAGE: NSF Certified status supports potable water use confidence in submetering and water billing. Conformance to AWWA C708 and production in an ISO9001 certified production facility reinforce standards-focused performance
Why an old percentage limit is not a current rule
For fiscal year 2021, Public Law 116-260 allowed transfers of no more than 5% of an NSF appropriation between NSF appropriations, limited an appropriation’s increase from transfers to 10%, and subjected each transfer to section 505 reprogramming procedures. Those were terms of that fiscal-year law, not permanent limits that can be assumed to govern NSF funding in other years.
Windows Errors? Fix Them Before They Spread
Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallCrashes, No Sound, or Screen Glitches?
Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteWhat does a recent NSF reallocation example show?
GAO’s 2026 report describes a May 2025 NSF request to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) addressing a shortfall in Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC). NSF sought to reprogram prior-year carryover within MREFC and transfer funds from other accounts; OMB approved the request in June 2025. The example shows that carryover, reprogramming, and transfers can feature in the same budget action. It does not establish a general permission for NSF to use those mechanisms in any year: the operative law and required procedures still matter.
Rank #3
- SIRTUIN & AMPK ACTIVATOR - Ursolic Acid is a natural compound found in rosemary and the skin of apples. Studies show Ursolic Acid may offer healthy aging benefits similar to Resveratrol by activating our longevity genes known as sirtuins and acting as an AMPK activator. Third party lab tested, results published.
- HOLISTIC HEALTH - Ursolic Acid studies show a broad range of potential health-promoting benefits including supporting and promoting exercise endurance, collagen production, and supporting memory and learning.
- 100 CAPSULES - 50mg of Ursolic Acid in each easy-to-swallow capsule. Take 1 capsule per day for a 50mg serving, or take up to 3 capsules per day for 150mg of Ursolic Acid per serving!
- ALL NATURAL INGREDIENTS - MAAC10's Ursolic Acid is sourced from 100mg Rosemary extract per capsule and standardized to 50% or 50mg Ursolic Acid. Bottled and tested in the US, gluten-free, allergen-free, and vegan.
- DISCOVER MAAC10 - At Maac10, we believe in proven scientific research to support your health and wellness. Our products are manufactured in a GMP and NSF Certified facility in Miami, Florida, USA. Support your longevity genes with supplements that support cellular respiration and mitochondrial health!
GAO reports the following MREFC appropriations for fiscal years 2020–2024. These are account-specific figures, not NSF-wide totals; GAO notes that they reflect supplemental appropriations, transfers, and reprogramming.
| Fiscal year | MREFC appropriations reported by GAO |
|---|---|
| 2020 | $243.2 million |
| 2021 | $301.0 million |
| 2022 | $265.5 million |
| 2023 | $187.2 million |
| 2024 | $234.0 million |
Across those five fiscal years, GAO reports more than $1 billion in MREFC appropriations.
Rank #4
- Celebrate your love of science with this high quality enamel pin!
- Measures 1.2 inches tall
- High quality metal & enamel pin.
- Brand new, boarded and bagged.
- Secured with firm pinback.
Can NSF carry over money Congress appropriated?
That depends on the appropriation’s period of availability and any purpose or other restrictions. A balance that remains available under a multi-year appropriation is not necessarily a transfer to another account, nor does carryover by itself show that the funds have been spent on a different purpose. To assess a particular balance, distinguish the money’s continued availability from any later decision about how to obligate it.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteAn NSF FY 2026 budget page identifies a $3.9 billion request released May 2, 2025. That is a budget request, not an enacted appropriation, and by itself does not establish the availability terms for funds discussed in the FY 2026 carryover dispute.
Best Value
- 4.5G CREATINE IN 3 GUMMIES: Get 4.5g of creatine monohydrate per serving—1.5g in each gummy. Just chew 3 daily with no scooping, mixing, or shaker required.
- NSF CERTIFIED FOR SPORT + EUROFINS TESTED: NSF Certified for Sport helps verify the product is tested for substances banned in sport. Eurofins independently tests creatine content and label accuracy.
- SUPPORTS STRENGTH & HIGH-INTENSITY PERFORMANCE: Creatine monohydrate supports muscle strength and high-intensity exercise performance when taken consistently. Take 3 gummies before or after training, with or without food.
- 30-DAY SUPPLY + BLUE RASPBERRY FLAVOR: 90 gummies provide 30 servings of naturally flavored Orange gummies. Each serving contains 33 calories, 3.3g total sugar, and 1.8g added sugar.
- VEGAN & GLUTEN-FREE: Made with vegan-friendly ingredients and a gluten-free formula, delivering a convenient creatine option for a range of dietary preferences.
What is established about the reported $1.4 billion FY 2026 carryover?
A September 30, 2026 secondary account of reporting by The New York Times said NSF ended FY 2026 with $1.4 billion in unspent research funding carried over. It described that amount as about 19% of NSF’s primary research budget and said less than $175 million went unspent in each of the prior two fiscal years. The account attributed the figures to internal agency data reviewed by the Times. They should be treated as reported figures, not as independently verified GAO or NSF totals.
The same account said NSF and the White House maintained that the money remained available in the new fiscal year under Congress’s two-year appropriation. It also reported that some proposals recommended for funding were pulled back as deadlines approached and that the administration wanted to direct money toward a narrower set of priorities, including artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Those are attributed claims, not findings that settle whether any specific action was lawful.
A separate October 2, 2026 secondary report attributed criticism to Representative Zoe Lofgren, the top Democrat on the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee. She said: “The money should be granted as Congress intended, and essentially, they’re ignoring what Congress did.” That statement reflects her criticism; it is not a legal determination.
What’s actually slowing this PC down?
Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.
The available reporting does not establish the full legal treatment of the balance, whether it was apportioned or obligated to narrower priorities, or whether its carryover violated a statutory direction. Calling it “diverted” goes beyond what the reported carryover alone proves. Resolving the dispute requires the enacted FY 2026 appropriations text, account-level availability and purpose restrictions, any applicable committee or explanatory-statement directions, NSF and OMB apportionment and obligation records, relevant reprogramming notices, and any subsequent oversight or court findings.
How to evaluate a claim that NSF redirected funding
When a news report says NSF “reallocated,” “diverted,” or “carried over” money, these questions help identify what actually happened:
Quick Recap
- How specific was Congress’s direction? Was the money broadly appropriated to an account, or designated for a named recipient or project?
- Did the money change accounts? A shift within an account is reprogramming; a move between appropriations is a transfer.
- What did the law authorize? Check the account’s purpose, period of availability, transfer authority, and any notice or approval rules for that fiscal year.
- What does “unspent” mean in the report? A balance carried forward, a restriction on apportionment, a formal transfer, and an obligation for a new purpose are distinct things.
- What records support the claim? Look for the appropriation text, budget and obligation records, reprogramming notices, and oversight findings rather than relying on a label alone.
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
