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Ransomware activity expanded across several measures around Black Hat USA 2024, but the evidence does not show that every gang’s profits kept rising. Rapid7 counted more leak-site posts and active groups in the first half of 2024 than a year earlier; later, FinCEN reported lower BSA-reported ransomware payments in 2024 than in 2023. Those figures measure different things. Posts and victim announcements are not proof of payment, and payments are not criminal net profit.

What the Black Hat-era figures show

Rapid7 released its Ransomware Radar Report on August 6, 2024, alongside its Black Hat USA presence. It analyzed attacker activity over the 18 months ending June 30, 2024. Its figures describe activity observed through ransomware leak sites, not a count of every attack or a ledger of money collected.

  • Rapid7 counted 2,611 leak-site posts from 68 groups between January and June 2024, 23% more posts than in the first half of 2023. A post represents an extortion attempt in Rapid7’s analysis; it does not establish that the victim paid.
  • Rapid7 observed an average of 40 groups posting to leak sites per month in the first half of 2024, compared with 24 per month in the first half of 2023.
  • It reported 21 new groups surfacing in the first six months of 2024, including rebrands. RansomHub made 181 leak-site posts from February 10 through June 30, 2024.

These are indicators of a busy, changing ecosystem, not evidence that every group became more profitable. A group can post more claims without collecting more ransom, and leak-site activity does not reveal the full set of incidents.

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Why reports give different counts

Ransomware datasets use different collection methods and time windows. Their numbers should be read separately rather than combined into a single trend line.

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Source and period What it counted What the figure means
Rapid7, January–June 2024 2,611 leak-site posts by 68 groups Extortion attempts posted to sites tracked in Rapid7’s analysis, not confirmed payments or all incidents.
Black Kite Research Group, April 2023–March 2024 4,893 confirmed victim announcements, compared with 2,708 in the preceding year Announcements tracked by Black Kite, not a census of all attacks. The period differs from Rapid7’s and FinCEN’s.
FinCEN, January 2022–December 2024 4,194 ransomware incidents in BSA reports and more than $2.1 billion in reported payments Financial-institution reporting, not a complete global count of incidents or criminal revenue.
Sophos 2024 survey, summarized by Black Hat MEA Survey responses on ransom payments and recovery costs Survey averages among participating organizations, not amounts paid by every victim.

Black Kite’s tracked victim announcements increased across its defined study windows, while FinCEN’s reported payment total fell from 2023 to 2024. These findings do not contradict each other: an announcement is not a financial filing, and the periods, populations and measures differ.

How ransomware groups adapted their operations

Rapid7 described groups using business-like tactics, including marketing services to prospective buyers, offering insiders commissions for access, and running bug bounty programs. Its analysis also identified three clusters of ransomware families with similar source code, which Rapid7 interpreted as a sign of development toward more specialized variants. These are findings from Rapid7’s analysis, not a description verified for every group.

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Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) models let operators and affiliates divide roles, and changing group names can reflect rebranding or movement within that ecosystem. Black Hat MEA’s July 2024 overview discussed LockBit, 8Base and Phobos: it described double extortion as stealing and encrypting data before coercing a victim, 8Base’s name-and-shame approach, and Phobos’s use of RaaS tools. The overview reported that LockBit’s infrastructure was seized in February 2024 and that the group resumed activity soon afterward. That is a dated account, not a current status report.

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How much ransom are cybercriminals asking for?

A demand is only a request. It is not necessarily accepted, paid in full, or retained as profit. The available figures answer different financial questions:

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  • FinCEN’s payment totals: FinCEN’s 2025 release says BSA reports covered more than $2.1 billion in ransomware payments across 4,194 incidents from January 2022 through December 2024. Its reported payment total was $1.1 billion in 2023 and $734 million in 2024. FinCEN noted that reported incidents and payments fell in 2024 following law-enforcement disruption of two prominent groups. These are payments represented in BSA filings, not a complete global account of criminal revenue.
  • Sophos survey averages: Black Hat MEA’s July 2024 article summarized Sophos’s State of Ransomware 2024 survey. It reported an average ransom payment of $2 million among surveyed organizations, compared with $400,000 in 2023, and an average recovery cost of $2.73 million. These are survey results, not a claim that every affected organization paid those amounts.
  • Victim recovery costs: Recovery costs are expenses on the victim’s side and can be separate from any ransom payment. They should not be added to attacker revenue.

“Profit” would require accounting for what criminals actually collected, operating costs, affiliate and operator splits, seized or unpaid funds, and other losses. The figures above do not provide that accounting, so they cannot establish that ransomware gangs’ net profits rose overall.

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What organizations can take from the trend

The reports support a picture of an adaptable and commercially organized criminal ecosystem, with rebrands, affiliate activity and varied forms of extortion. They do not establish a single global attack count or a continuous rise in every group’s income. For organizations, incident-response planning and tested backup and disaster-recovery arrangements are relevant preparation; the activity figures are not a substitute for assessing an organization’s own risks and recovery needs.

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