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In Massachusetts, knowing possession, manufacture, assembly, purchase, sale, transfer, or import of an untraceable firearm is generally prohibited. State law provides limited exceptions and transition periods. For a privately made firearm, the required process includes obtaining a unique serial number from the Department of Criminal Justice Information Services (DCJIS) before manufacture or assembly, applying it during manufacture or assembly, and registering the firearm within seven days. Those steps do not by themselves establish that a person may legally possess or make a particular firearm: licensing, eligibility, firearm type, and other state and federal rules may also apply.

What Massachusetts law means by “ghost gun”

“Ghost gun” is a common label, not the central statutory term. Massachusetts law addresses “untraceable firearms” and “privately made firearms.” Chapter 135 of the Acts of 2024 amended state firearm law, and current Massachusetts General Laws, chapter 140, §121C, sets serial-number requirements for all firearms and prohibits specified dealings in an untraceable firearm. The legal definition and the exact statutory language matter more than the informal label. Read Chapter 135 of the Acts of 2024 and Massachusetts General Laws, chapter 140, §121C.

Can I make my own gun in Massachusetts?

Section 121C sets a process for a privately made firearm, but it is not a blanket authorization to make a gun. The person must obtain a unique serial number from DCJIS before manufacture or assembly, serialize the firearm during that process, and register it with DCJIS under §121B within seven days after manufacture or assembly. The firearm must also comply with applicable state and federal safety regulations. Licensing, eligibility, firearm type, and other legal restrictions may independently determine whether manufacture or possession is permitted.

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Serialization requirements

The statute requires permanent serialization on the frame or receiver. The number must not be readily obliterated, altered, or removed; it must be engraved, cast, or permanently embedded to a depth of at least .003 inches and in print at least 1/16 inch high. If the frame or receiver is made of non-metallic material, a metal plate must be permanently embedded. These are statutory specifications, not optional recommendations. See §121C for the complete requirements.

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Do I have to register a homemade gun?

For a privately made firearm covered by §121C, registration with DCJIS under §121B is due within seven days after manufacture or assembly. The registration deadline is one part of a sequence: the unique serial number must be obtained before manufacture or assembly, and the firearm must be serialized during that process. Registration does not replace licensing or other legal requirements.

Who may have a limited exception or transition period?

Section 121C lists exceptions and time windows for specific circumstances. Their scope depends on the statutory conditions, so none should be treated as a general exemption for an unserialized firearm.

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Situation What the statute provides
Firearm delivered to law enforcement Exception for delivery solely for destruction.
Qualifying transport by a common carrier Exception for qualifying carrier transport.
Nonresident traveling through Massachusetts Exception for a nonresident’s firearm lawfully carried through the Commonwealth and stored as required.
Federal-government property Exception for firearms that are property of the federal government.
Qualifying federally licensed manufacturer Exception for qualifying firearms produced by federally licensed manufacturers not for sale in Massachusetts.
Firearm manufactured before October 22, 1968 Listed exception for firearms manufactured before that date.
New resident or heir/devisee Up to 60 days to serialize a lawfully owned firearm brought into Massachusetts by a new resident or acquired through an estate.
Licensed dealer, gunsmith, distributor, or manufacturer A seven-day serialization period applies to covered acquisitions.

This table summarizes categories in §121C; it does not resolve whether a particular firearm or person qualifies. Check the statute’s precise conditions and any other applicable provisions before relying on an exception or deadline. Statutory text: §121C.

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Can I bring an unserialized gun when I move to Massachusetts?

The statute gives a new resident up to 60 days to serialize a lawfully owned firearm brought into the state. The language is a limited transition period, not permission to possess any firearm regardless of legality, and the applicable conditions still matter. A firearm acquired through an estate is also covered by a stated period of up to 60 days for an heir or devisee to serialize it. Other obligations—including registration, licensing, eligibility, and firearm-specific restrictions—may apply.

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Are 3D-printed guns or firearm-making machines illegal in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts separately regulates certain manufacturing equipment. State law prohibits using a 3D printer or CNC milling machine to manufacture or assemble a firearm in Massachusetts without a valid license to carry. It also prohibits selling, offering to sell, or transferring in the Commonwealth a 3D printer or CNC milling machine whose primary or intended function is firearm manufacture or assembly, subject to stated exceptions. The machine rules are separate from the serial-number and registration requirements; compliance with one does not satisfy the other. See Chapter 135 of the Acts of 2024.

What are the penalties?

The amended criminal provision states that a person who knowingly manufactures, assembles, imports, sells, or transfers ownership of an untraceable firearm, participates in those activities, or purchases or receives one knowing it is untraceable faces imprisonment of not less than 12 months and not more than 2½ years. The provision includes additional evidentiary and other terms, so this summary should not be read as a complete description of potential charges or consequences. Consult the enacted provision in Chapter 135.

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What about federal law?

Current federal requirements and the status of regulations and litigation are not established by the Massachusetts statutory sources cited here. Do not assume that meeting Massachusetts’ serialization and registration requirements settles federal legality, or that a federal rule changes the state requirements. For a personal situation, consult current federal statutes, regulations, controlling court orders, and a lawyer familiar with firearms law.

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What the state’s seizure statistic does—and does not—show

The Massachusetts General Court’s 2024 Crime Gun Report listed 205 firearms as ghost guns or privately made firearms, representing 9% of firearms seized in that report. That is a count and share of reported seized firearms, not an estimate of all ghost guns in Massachusetts, legal ownership, or statewide prevalence. See the 2024 Crime Gun Report.

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