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A progressive web app (PWA) is a web app built with web technologies that can offer an app-like experience through browser features. It remains accessible on the web; where supported, it may also be installable and provide features such as offline access, notifications, or device integration. Which features work depends on the app’s implementation and the user’s browser and operating system.

What makes an app a PWA?

MDN Web Docs defines a PWA as “an app that’s built using web platform technologies, but that provides a user experience like that of a platform-specific app.” The defining idea is progressive enhancement: the app starts with a usable web experience and adds capabilities when the browser and device support them.

That means a PWA is not a separate kind of native software. It is still a web app, even if it can be installed and launched in an app-like window. A visitor whose browser does not support installation can still use it as a website.

The web app manifest

A web app manifest is a JSON file that describes how the app should appear and behave to the browser. It supplies identifying and presentation information needed for installation. The exact installability criteria depend on the browser, so one universal checklist or install prompt does not apply everywhere. See MDN’s guide to making PWAs installable.

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Service workers and offline use

A service worker is a browser-managed script commonly used to handle network requests and support offline or background functions. It is not required for PWA installation. Nor does the presence of a service worker mean the whole app works offline: that depends on what the app’s developers have implemented and made available for offline use. MDN explains these core pieces in its overview of progressive web apps.

What can a PWA do?

Depending on its implementation and the platform, a PWA may be installable, work partly or fully offline, run some tasks in the background, send notifications, or use device capabilities. These are possible features, not automatic guarantees attached to the PWA label. A PWA is not inherently secure, fast, or equivalent to a native app in every feature; those qualities depend on the particular app.

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  • Reach: Users can visit it on the web; installation may be available in supporting browsers.
  • Offline behavior: The app may preserve selected content or functions for use without a connection if it has been designed to do so.
  • Background work and notifications: These may be available, subject to implementation and browser or operating-system support.
  • Device integration: Some device features may be accessible, but available integrations vary by platform.
  • Distribution: The web is a distribution channel. An app-store listing is optional, not what makes an app a PWA.

For a broader overview of the concept and its capabilities, see web.dev’s Progressive Web Apps guide.

How a PWA differs from a website, a native app, and a single-page app

Type How users reach it Install and app-like features What the label tells you
Conventional website Visited in a browser. May offer limited app-like capabilities; no PWA behavior is implied by the term “website.” It is a site on the web.
Progressive web app Reached on the web and, where supported, may be installed. May provide offline behavior, background functions, notifications, or device integration when implemented and supported. It uses web technologies and progressive enhancement; it does not guarantee a fixed set of features.
Platform-specific app Built for a particular operating system or device platform, commonly distributed through that platform’s channels. Can use platform-specific app presentation and integrations; capabilities vary by app. It is developed for a particular platform rather than being defined as a web app.

A PWA is also not the same thing as a single-page app. “PWA” describes a web app’s progressive enhancement and potential capabilities; it does not say whether its interface is built as one page or multiple pages.

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What to check before relying on a PWA feature

  • Confirm that the browser and operating system you use support the feature you need.
  • Check what the specific app actually provides—for example, which content remains available offline.
  • Look for the browser’s installation option rather than assuming every PWA displays the same prompt.
  • For notifications or background tasks, check the app’s behavior on your device; support can differ across platforms.

MDN’s explanation of what a progressive web app is describes the app-like experience while keeping the web-platform foundation clear.

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  • Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
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