The Tool Desk
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What PouchDB does—and what it does not
PouchDB is a JavaScript database for application code, inspired by CouchDB. In a browser it keeps a local database on the device; it can also run in Node.js. It is not, by itself, a hosted database service. A remote CouchDB-compatible server adds a place to replicate data across devices or keep a remote copy. PouchDB overview · Getting Started Guide.
This design is useful when an app should remain usable without a network connection. The browser can read and write its local copy; replication transfers changes when the remote is reachable. Offline capability does not automatically solve account management, authorization, backup policy, or application-level conflict decisions.
Install PouchDB for a browser project
For a browser application using package imports, the browser-specific package is a straightforward starting point. It includes the IndexedDB and HTTP adapters, replication, and map/reduce plugins. Package imports generally need a bundler such as Browserify, Webpack, or Rollup.
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npm install pouchdb-browserIf you want the full package instead, the official download page documents npm install pouchdb. The setup documentation also provides a direct script/CDN approach for projects that do not use package imports. Its examples show version 9.0.0; check the official download page for the current release and exact script URL before pinning or copying one.
Some builds do not include every API. In particular, Mango queries through find() require an additional plugin; do not assume that method exists just because PouchDB is installed. The browser preset’s included components and build options are described in the builds guide. The official setup guide also covers TypeScript types and plugin registration.
Create a local database and store a document
With the browser package installed and imported into your project, create a database instance and write a document. PouchDB does not require you to declare a schema first. Each document needs an _id; the other fields can represent your application’s data.
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import PouchDB from 'pouchdb-browser';
const db = new PouchDB('my_database');
async function saveTask() {
await db.put({
_id: 'task-1',
title: 'Draft offline screen',
complete: false
});
}The example uses an explicit ID so the application can refer to the record predictably. If you need a generated ID, PouchDB also provides document-creation methods; choose an ID strategy that fits how the app identifies and updates its records.
Read documents to render the application
Use get() when you know a document ID. For a simple first view, allDocs() can retrieve the stored documents. These asynchronous operations can fail—for example, if the requested document does not exist—so handle errors in the surrounding UI rather than assuming every request succeeds.
async function loadTasks() {
try {
const result = await db.allDocs({ include_docs: true });
return result.rows.map(row => row.doc);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Could not load tasks', error);
throw error;
}
}For a tutorial-sized app, the typical cycle is to read documents for the UI and write changes back to the database. The official getting-started tutorial demonstrates that shape with a small Todo app. Treat it as a learning example, not a complete production architecture: a real app needs more error handling and account/signup work.
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Run the starter app over HTTP
When following the browser tutorial, serve the project over HTTP rather than opening the HTML file directly from the filesystem. The guide recommends this for work involving XHR and IndexedDB. Keep the browser developer tools open as you follow along so you can see errors and inspect database activity.
Know where browser data is stored
In browsers, PouchDB uses IndexedDB by default. WebSQL is not included in PouchDB 7.0.0 and later, so older tutorials that suggest it is a default browser store are out of date. Node.js uses a different default adapter; other adapters are available for specific environments but require additional packages and setup. Choose one only when you have a concrete platform requirement. See the adapter guide.
The browser’s developer tools can help inspect local database activity, but the data remains subject to browser-managed storage. Clearing site or browser data can remove the local copy. If the data must survive device loss or a cleared browser profile, plan an explicit remote replication or backup strategy rather than treating local persistence as a backup. The database guide explains the distinction between local and remote databases.
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Choose one-way replication or bidirectional sync
A remote database must speak a CouchDB-compatible protocol. The getting-started guide lists CouchDB, PouchDB-Server, and hosted Couch services as possible remote choices. Which one fits depends on who operates it, its authentication model, CORS configuration, and any geographic or data-residency requirements that apply to your app.
For direct browser-to-CouchDB communication, configure CORS on the server as described in the getting-started guide. Replace tutorial hostnames and credentials with your deployment’s values; do not put sensitive server credentials in browser code where users can inspect them. Configure client access to match the security model of your service.
Use the direction that matches the data flow. replicate.to() copies from the local database to a remote database; replicate.from() copies from remote to local. A one-way copy does not send destination edits back to the source. sync() is the bidirectional shortcut, combining replication in both directions. The replication guide documents these APIs.
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const local = new PouchDB('my_database');
const remote = new PouchDB('https://your-server.example/db-name');
// One direction: local changes are sent to the remote.
local.replicate.to(remote);
// Or, for changes in both directions:
local.sync(remote);The hostname and database name above are placeholders, not a deployable server configuration. Add authentication and deployment-specific options according to your service. For ongoing synchronization, PouchDB supports live replication and retry behavior; configure and monitor it for the connection conditions your app expects.
Handle disconnections and conflicts
A live replication error event does not necessarily mean the database is corrupted or that every retry should stop. The tutorial notes that a connection loss or cancellation can appear as an error. Distinguish expected offline/disconnection conditions and retry behavior from other failures, and surface actionable errors to users when needed.
Replication also does not provide conflict-free application logic. When conflicting revisions occur, deterministic conflict resolution selects a winning revision, while losing revisions remain in the revision tree. Your app can ignore conflicts if that suits its data, or detect and present them for a user or application-specific resolution. This matters when multiple devices can edit the same record while disconnected.
Quick Recap
When this setup is a good fit
- Use PouchDB when a JavaScript app needs a local document store and should continue to work offline.
- Add a compatible remote when you need replication between devices or a remote copy.
- Choose a one-way replication method only when changes truly flow in one direction; use
sync()when both sides need to exchange changes. - Plan authentication, CORS, error handling, conflict behavior, and recovery from browser storage loss as part of the application—not as automatic benefits of installing the database.
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