To install a PHP extension from source, compile it with the development tools for the exact PHP installation that will load it, install the resulting module, enable it in that runtime’s configuration, and reload the relevant service. For a typical shared extension, the PHP manual’s basic build sequence is phpize, ./configure, make, and make install. The details vary by extension, operating system, PHP build, and runtime, so first confirm that your build tools and target PHP match.
Before compiling: decide whether source is the right route
First check whether your operating system provides a compatible package for the PHP version you use. Distribution packages can simplify updates and version matching; PHP documents distribution-specific installation routes in its installation index. If a maintained package does not fit, check whether the extension and your environment are supported by PIE (PHP Installer for Extensions). The PHP manual now marks PECL deprecated and recommends PIE in its place.
Build from source when you need a manual build, such as when no compatible package or supported installer route is available. These options are not universally interchangeable: check extension availability, PHP compatibility, and deployment requirements before choosing.
Match the build tools to the PHP installation
PHP extensions must be built for the PHP installation that will load them. This matters especially on machines with multiple PHP versions, separate CLI and web-server installations, or custom PHP builds. PHP’s php-config documentation explains that the utility reports the PHP version, include paths, extension directory, and configuration options.
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- Identify the PHP binary used by the intended runtime.
- Locate the matching
phpizeandphp-config. - Check the target PHP version, headers, and extension directory with that
php-config. - Use the matching PHP development package on package-managed systems. PHP notes that development packages often include
phpizeand the headers needed to build extensions.
There is no reliable universal package-install command: package names and dependencies vary by operating system and PHP distribution. Consult the extension’s build instructions for required external libraries and development headers. PHP’s PECL introduction also advises using known-good build tools such as autoconf, automake, and libtool.
Compile a shared extension with phpize
For an extension whose source directory contains the PHP extension build files, the PHP manual documents this basic workflow:
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- Open the extension source directory:
cd extname. Replaceextnamewith the actual directory name. - Prepare the build environment:
phpize. The PHP manual describesphpizeas the command that prepares an extension’s build environment. - Configure the build:
./configure. Add options required by the extension. If multiple PHP installations are present, select the target PHP explicitly, for example:./configure --with-php-config=/path/to/the/target/php-config. - Compile:
make. - Install:
make install. A successful build produces a shared module—often named something likeextname.so—and installs it in the extension directory associated with the selected PHP build.
The sequence is a starting point, not a guarantee that every extension builds without additional options. Follow the extension’s own instructions for configure switches and external libraries. Do not substitute a different version’s phpize or php-config just because those commands are available first in your shell’s PATH.
Enable the extension in the intended PHP runtime
Installing the module does not automatically make every PHP process load it. Add an extension directive, such as extension=extname.so, to the configuration read by the PHP SAPI you want to use. CLI PHP and a web server or PHP process manager may use different binaries and configuration files, so verify the target runtime rather than assuming they share settings.
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After enabling it, restart or reload the relevant web service or PHP process manager so it rereads its configuration. PHP’s extension installation guidance says a service restart is required after enabling an extension.
Verify the loaded module and troubleshoot common failures
Check the configuration and loaded modules in the same runtime that needs the extension. A successful compiler exit or make install alone does not prove that PHP can load the module.
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phpizeis missing: On a package-managed system, the matching PHP development package may not be installed. Confirm that it belongs to the target PHP version.- The module is installed but not loaded: Check that the extension directive is in the configuration used by the intended SAPI, then restart or reload the relevant service.
- The build uses the wrong PHP: Re-run configuration with the target installation’s
php-configpath, and confirm that its PHP version, include paths, and extension directory match the runtime. - Configuration or compilation fails: Check the extension’s required libraries, development headers, and configure options. These requirements are extension- and system-specific.
If the extension’s own build instructions provide cleanup commands, follow them. For example, the PHP manual’s installation example for ds uses make clean and phpize --clean; treat that as an example, not a universal cleanup procedure or current dependency guide.
When a static build makes sense
Most readers looking to add one extension should consider the shared-extension route first. A static build is a different approach: the PHP manual’s static build instructions describe placing extension source in the PHP source tree, regenerating build configuration with buildconf, checking available options with ./configure --help, and rebuilding PHP. Whether an extension uses a --with- or --enable- option depends on that extension. Check the current build documentation for the target PHP source before using version-specific build-tool requirements from older instructions.
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