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For a straightforward Perl download, use HTTP::Tiny and its mirror($url, $file) method. It sends a GET request and saves the response body to the specified file. Check the response’s success field before reporting that the download finished.
How do I download a file with Perl?
This script accepts a URL and output path as command-line arguments, downloads the response, and reports an unsuccessful request:
use strict;
use warnings;
use HTTP::Tiny;
my ($url, $file) = @ARGV;
die "Usage: $0 URL OUTPUT_FILEn" unless defined $url && defined $file;
my $http = HTTP::Tiny->new(timeout => 60);
my $response = $http->mirror($url, $file);
unless ($response->{success}) {
die "Download failed: $response->{status} $response->{reason}n";
}
print "Saved download to $filen";Save it as download.pl, then run perl download.pl https://example.com/file.zip file.zip, replacing the example URL and destination with your own. The timeout is 60 seconds, matching the current documented default for HTTP::Tiny. The destination must be writable, and the URL must be valid.
The HTTP::Tiny documentation says the response’s success field is true for 2xx and 304 responses. A 304 means “not modified,” not that a new body was downloaded: mirror can send If-Modified-Since when the destination already exists, allowing an unchanged file to be left in place. See the HTTP::Tiny documentation for the method’s behavior.
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How should the script handle request failures?
Check success rather than assuming that a returned response means the download worked. For diagnostics, HTTP::Tiny responses include status and reason. An internal request error uses status 599 and includes explanatory error text in content; HTTP error statuses also indicate failure.
For more detail in the example’s error message, include the internal error text when present:
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unless ($response->{success}) {
my $detail = $response->{content} // "";
die "Download failed: $response->{status} $response->{reason} $detailn";
}Because this message can include a response body or internal error details, avoid printing it indiscriminately in a public-facing service. Log useful diagnostics according to that application’s privacy and security requirements.
How can Perl save a large download in chunks?
For custom progress reporting or incremental handling, use request with a data_callback. HTTP::Tiny passes response chunks to the callback, so the script can write each chunk instead of retaining the entire response body in memory. The callback data is raw bytes: open the file in raw mode and do not decode the chunks as text.
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use strict;
use warnings;
use HTTP::Tiny;
my ($url, $file) = @ARGV;
die "Usage: $0 URL OUTPUT_FILEn" unless defined $url && defined $file;
open my $out, ">:raw", $file or die "Cannot open $file: $!n";
my $http = HTTP::Tiny->new(timeout => 60);
my $response = $http->request("GET", $url, {
data_callback => sub {
my ($chunk, $response) = @_;
print {$out} $chunk or die "Cannot write to $file: $!n";
},
});
close $out or die "Cannot close $file: $!n";
unless ($response->{success}) {
unlink $file;
die "Download failed: $response->{status} $response->{reason}n";
}
print "Saved download to $filen";This version removes the output if the final response is unsuccessful, so a failed request is not left behind looking like a completed download. For production use, consider writing to a temporary file and renaming it to the final path only after success; that helps keep an existing destination intact until the new download completes. This is a file-handling recommendation, not a behavior promised by HTTP::Tiny.
When should you use LWP instead?
If your project already uses LWP or needs its broader user-agent interface, LWP::UserAgent can write a response directly to a file with the :content_file option. That approach avoids keeping the complete response in memory, and the response’s content is empty because the body has been written to disk. The Perl.com LWP download tutorial describes this file-targeted pattern; it was published on August 20, 2002, so check current local LWP documentation for installation-specific details.
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| Need | HTTP::Tiny | LWP |
|---|---|---|
| Simple GET saved to a named file | mirror($url, $file) saves the response body. |
:content_file writes the response to a path. |
| Incremental handling | data_callback receives chunks for the caller to write. |
The cited tutorial explains that direct-to-file handling avoids holding the whole response in memory. |
| Conditional re-download | mirror uses If-Modified-Since for an existing file and treats a 304 as success. |
Not stated for the tutorial’s file-target example. |
What should I check for HTTPS and URL safety?
Keep HTTPS identity verification enabled
HTTP::Tiny’s current documentation says server identity verification is enabled by default; that default changed in version 0.083. Keep it enabled rather than disabling certificate checks. HTTPS support requires compatible IO::Socket::SSL and Net::SSLeay versions. If you are unsure whether the installation can use SSL, check HTTP::Tiny->can_ssl. LWP also requires SSL support in the installation, as described in its tutorial.
Pass well-formed URLs
HTTP::Tiny documents that unsafe characters in URLs need escaping and internationalized domain names need ASCII encoding before use. If your script accepts URLs from users, validate the scheme and destination against your application’s policy; a general downloader should not automatically be treated as safe for arbitrary user-supplied destinations.
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Account for limited redirect handling
Do not assume every redirect will be followed in every situation. HTTP::Tiny documents automatic handling of 301, 302, 307 and 308 for GET and HEAD, and conversion of 303 to GET; it does not automatically support 305. Check the module documentation if a particular server’s redirect behavior matters.
Protect the destination path
Choose the output path deliberately. In a service or other application that handles untrusted input, do not let a remote URL determine an unrestricted local filename; apply the application’s own path and destination controls.
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