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Angular’s HttpClient sends HTTP requests when you subscribe to the Observable returned by a request method. Choose the response mode to match the server’s data, handle errors through the Observable error channel, and use Angular’s HTTP testing tools to verify requests without contacting a live server.
Configure HttpClient
Import HttpClient from @angular/common/http and inject it where requests are needed. In Angular v21 and later, it is available for injection by default. Use provideHttpClient(...) in application providers when configuring features such as interceptors or XSRF options. For older or NgModule-based applications, follow the provider setup for that Angular version and take care when configuring HTTP across multiple injectors.
Angular’s default backend uses Fetch. Configure withXhr() to use XMLHttpRequest, which is necessary if the application needs upload-progress events.
Make a request and understand its lifecycle
A typical JSON read uses get<T>(url). The generic type describes the shape TypeScript should expect; it is not runtime validation of the server’s data. Angular explicitly cautions that the returned value is not checked against the type assertion. If the response shape is uncertain or untrusted, consider using unknown and validating it before relying on its fields.
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import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
export class UsersService {
private readonly http = inject(HttpClient);
getUsers() {
return this.http.get<User[]>('/api/users');
}
}The method call creates an Observable; it does not itself contact the server. Angular’s guide describes these as “cold” Observables: subscribing starts the request, and each new subscription sends another request. Unsubscribing from an in-progress request aborts it.
For related data access, put request logic in an injectable service rather than scattering endpoint calls through components. In components, the async pipe or toSignal can manage subscription disposal. Disposal also cancels a pending request.
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Choose what the request returns
By default, HttpClient expects JSON and emits the response body. Set responseType for text or binary data, or set observe when the body alone is not enough.
| Need | Options | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary JSON data | Default response mode; optionally specify get<T>(...) |
The response body, typed at compile time |
| Plain text | responseType: 'text' |
Text response body |
| Binary data | responseType: 'arraybuffer' or 'blob' |
Binary response body in the selected representation |
| Status and headers as well as the body | observe: 'response' |
A full response object |
| Request lifecycle or progress events | observe: 'events' and enable the relevant reporting option |
An event stream rather than only the final body |
These options affect the method’s inferred TypeScript return type. If you extract options into a variable, preserve literal values where needed, for example responseType: 'text' as const.
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Request progress and backend choice
Progress reporting is disabled by default because it has a performance cost. Angular’s default Fetch backend does not support upload-progress events. If upload progress is a requirement, configure the client with withXhr() and request event reporting as appropriate.
Fetch and XHR are not interchangeable in every respect: choose the default Fetch backend unless a needed feature—such as upload progress—requires XHR.
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Handle HTTP failures and timeouts
Request failures reach subscribers through the Observable error channel as HttpErrorResponse. Angular distinguishes three causes:
- Network or connection failure: status is
0. - Configured timeout: status is
0. - Backend error response: the error carries the server’s HTTP status.
Use catchError to map an error into an application or UI state. Retry operators resubscribe to the Observable, which sends the request again. Retry only when repeating that operation is appropriate; a retry that makes sense for a transient read may be unsafe for a mutation that could already have succeeded on the server.
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The request timeout option is measured in milliseconds and applies to the backend HTTP request itself, not delays added by interceptors. Treat timeout and network failures as distinct from a server response when deciding what to show or report.
Test requests without a live server
Angular’s @angular/common/http/testing utilities replace the real backend. A test can capture a request, assert its method or URL, provide a mock success or failure response, and check that no unexpected requests remain.
import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { provideHttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import {
HttpTestingController,
provideHttpClientTesting,
} from '@angular/common/http/testing';
describe('UsersService', () => {
let service: UsersService;
let httpTesting: HttpTestingController;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
providers: [
UsersService,
provideHttpClient(),
provideHttpClientTesting(),
],
});
service = TestBed.inject(UsersService);
httpTesting = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
});
afterEach(() => {
httpTesting.verify();
});
it('requests users and returns the mock response', () => {
const expected = [{ id: 1, name: 'Ada' }];
let actual: User[] | undefined;
service.getUsers().subscribe(value => actual = value);
const request = httpTesting.expectOne('/api/users');
expect(request.request.method).toBe('GET');
request.flush(expected);
expect(actual).toEqual(expected);
});
});When a test needs client features such as interceptors, provide provideHttpClient(...) before provideHttpClientTesting(). The testing provider replaces parts of the regular client configuration, so reversing that order can discard features the test intended to use.
Use Fetch options safely in server-side rendering
Angular notes that under Node.js server-side rendering, Undici does not enforce browser CORS checks. If a request destination can be influenced by a user, validate it against an allowlist rather than assuming browser CORS will block unsafe destinations.
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