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Use a separate environment-scoped key value map (KVM) in each Apigee X environment for configuration that the proxy must look up at runtime. Populate each map with that environment’s values, then retrieve them with the KeyValueMapOperations policy. For a small set of design-time-known values that proxy code only reads, a property set may be simpler.
Interview answer
“I would keep environment-dependent values out of hard-coded proxy logic. For runtime values such as target URLs or routing lookups, I would create an environment-scoped KVM for each environment, populate the corresponding values for test and production, and read the selected map through KeyValueMapOperations. If the values are a small, design-time-known set that the proxy only needs to read, I would consider a property set instead. For sensitive KVM values, I would use a private.-prefixed variable when retrieving them so they are not exposed in Debug sessions. If sensitive data must remain in the runtime plane in a hybrid deployment, I would consider Kubernetes Secrets.”
Choose the configuration mechanism
| Mechanism | Best fit | Scope and access | Key limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environment-scoped KVM | Runtime configuration, such as routing rules, lookup tables, or values not known at design time | Proxies deployed in that environment can access it. KVMs can also be scoped to a single proxy or an organization. | Use a private.-prefixed retrieval variable to prevent the value from appearing in Debug output. Apigee X KVM entries are encrypted. Google Cloud: Using key value maps |
| Property set | A small set of design-time-known values that proxy flows read but do not change | Environment or API proxy scope; values are exposed to flows as read-only variables. | Proxy code cannot change values at runtime. Administrators can change an environment’s property set without redeploying the proxy. Google describes a few to a few hundred keys and under 110 KB total. Google Cloud: Accessing configuration data |
| Kubernetes Secret | Sensitive data that must remain in the runtime plane | Environment scope in Apigee hybrid. | Applies to Apigee hybrid, not standard Apigee X cloud deployments. Google Cloud: About environments and environment groups |
For the usual test-versus-production runtime configuration question, separate environment-scoped KVMs are the direct choice. Keeping the same keys in each map while changing the values by environment can make proxy configuration consistent. Pick a property set instead when the values are small, known at design time, read-only to the proxy, and useful for administrators to change without proxy redeployment.
How to apply environment-scoped KVMs
- Create a KVM for each environment. Use environment scope so a map is available to proxies deployed in that environment, rather than shared across all environments.
- Populate corresponding keys with environment-appropriate values. For example, a test map and a production map can use the same key names for their respective target or routing values.
- Retrieve entries with
KeyValueMapOperations. The policy supports GET, PUT, and DELETE operations. For a value the proxy reads, configure the retrieval operation and use the resulting flow variable where needed. Google Cloud: KeyValueMapOperations policy - Use a private variable for sensitive retrieved values. Prefix the retrieval variable name with
private.so the value is not exposed in Debug sessions; KVM encryption alone does not hide a value after retrieval.
Scope and security details to mention
- API proxy scope limits a KVM to one proxy; environment scope makes it available to proxies in one environment; organization scope allows access across environments. Choose the narrowest scope that meets the need. Google Cloud: Using key value maps
- Apigee X and hybrid do not support unencrypted KVMs. KVM entries are encrypted; the API’s
encryptedfield remains for compatibility and is always true. - Encryption protects stored KVM entries, but a retrieved value can still appear in Debug output unless the retrieval variable uses the
private.prefix. - KVMs can be managed through the Apigee UI for environment-scoped maps, Apigee APIs, or the
KeyValueMapOperationspolicy. - Property-set values are read-only flow variables. Google recommends property sets for a small number of keys kept in memory; its guide gives size guidance of a few to a few hundred keys and under 110 KB total. Google Cloud: Accessing configuration data
- Google recommends no more than 3,000 API proxy basepaths per environment or environment group for optimal performance; exceeding the recommendation can increase deployment latency. This is a platform recommendation, not a KVM limit. Google Cloud: About environments and environment groups
What a strong answer distinguishes
The choice is not simply “KVM versus property set.” Explain whether values are known at design time, whether the proxy needs runtime KVM operations, whether administrators need updates without redeploying, how sensitive the data is, whether hybrid runtime-plane storage is required, and which proxies or environments should have access.
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