The Tool Desk
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See the locale settings currently in effect
Run the command without arguments:
localeIt prints the effective value for LANG, locale categories such as LC_TIME, and LC_ALL. Output varies with the environment and the locale data installed on the machine. For example, LANG=en_US.UTF-8 or LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8" may appear, but these are examples—not universal defaults. See the locale(1) manual.
Understand LANG, LC_* and LC_ALL
Locale variables determine which locale data applies. In glibc, precedence is LC_ALL, then the matching category variable, then LANG. A nonempty LC_ALL overrides category-specific settings as well as LANG; LANG supplies the default when a more specific setting is unset. POSIX likewise specifies that a nonempty LC_ALL overrides the other internationalization variables. See the GNU C Library locale categories documentation and POSIX locale utility specification.
Categories affect different kinds of behavior:
LC_CTYPE: interpretation of byte sequences as characters.LC_COLLATE: sorting and collation.LC_NUMERIC: formatting of nonmonetary numbers.LC_MONETARY: monetary formatting.LC_MESSAGES: message language and yes/no responses.LC_TIME: date and time formatting.
GNU also documents extension categories for paper, measurement, address, name, and telephone data. Which categories and locale data are available depends on the system.
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Check which locales and character maps are available
Use the command that matches what you need to inspect:
| Command | What it reports |
|---|---|
locale -a |
Locale names available on the machine. |
locale -m |
Available character maps (charmaps). |
locale -c charmap |
The current character map. |
If you are checking whether a requested locale is available, look for its name in locale -a. Availability and spelling can differ among systems, so use the name shown by that command.
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Inspect one locale category or keyword
Pass a category name to inspect its locale data. For example:
locale LC_TIMETo request a particular keyword, pass its name. The -k option includes keyword names in the output, and -c includes the category name where applicable:
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locale -k date_fmt
locale -ck date_fmtThese options are useful when you need to identify not only a value but also the keyword or category to which it belongs. The manual documents the behavior and examples at locale(1).
Troubleshoot a locale that does not appear to apply
- Run
localeto see the effective settings. - Check whether
LC_ALLis nonempty; if it is, it takes precedence over category settings andLANG. - Check the relevant category variable, such as
LC_TIMEfor date formatting, then checkLANG. - Run
locale -ato see whether the locale you want is available on that machine.
If the requested locale is missing, installation or generation steps depend on the distribution. The manual illustrates a glibc workflow using localedef, LOCPATH, and LANG; treat it as an example, not a universal installation recipe. Consult your distribution’s documentation for the appropriate procedure.
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Check or change system-wide locale settings
On systemd-based systems, localectl status reports system locale and keyboard settings. To configure the system locale, localectl set-locale accepts a locale name or variable assignments. These are configuration operations, unlike the read-only inspection commands above. See the localectl documentation.
System-wide locale settings are documented in /etc/locale.conf. Services and users inherit those settings unless they override them; LC_ALL may not be configured in that file. See the systemd locale.conf reference. A user’s environment or a particular process can still have its own locale variables, so inspect with locale when you need to know what is effective there.
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