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A passkey lets you sign in without typing a reusable password. Your device or passkey provider keeps a private digital key; the website stores a matching public key. When you sign in, the website sends a challenge and your device uses its private key to prove it has the passkey—after you approve the sign-in with a fingerprint, face scan, PIN, or another local unlock method.

What a passkey is—and where its two keys go

Think of the website as keeping a lock that matches a key held by your phone, computer, or passkey provider. The site does not receive a copy of that private key. Instead, it saves a public key that lets it check a response created with the private one. These are related cryptographic keys, not two halves of a secret that must be combined.

Each passkey is associated with a particular website or app and account. That association matters: a passkey made for the genuine service cannot simply be entered into a lookalike phishing page as a reusable password. Apple describes this key arrangement in its Passkeys Overview; the FIDO Alliance passkeys FAQ explains the challenge-response approach.

How passkey sign-in works

  1. Create: When you add a passkey to an account, an authenticator creates a unique public-and-private key pair for that service. The service registers the public key; the private key stays with your device or passkey provider.
  2. Approve: At sign-in, your device asks you to authorize the passkey, often with a fingerprint, face scan, PIN, or device-unlock gesture. This checks locally that you approve using the authenticator. The biometric or PIN is not sent to the website as the passkey.
  3. Prove: The service sends a fresh challenge. Your authenticator uses the private key to produce a cryptographic response, which the service verifies with the public key it saved.
  4. Sign in: If the response checks out, the service signs you in. There was no password typed into a page for a phishing site to collect and try elsewhere.

In its passkey FAQ, Microsoft says biometric data stays on the device and is never shared with Microsoft; that statement describes Microsoft’s documented passkey flow. Prompts and available unlock methods vary by device and provider. See Microsoft’s passkey explanation.

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Where passkeys are stored: synced or device-bound

A passkey may be managed by an operating-system or browser credential manager, such as iCloud Keychain or Google Password Manager, or by a third-party provider such as 1Password or Dashlane. The provider handles creation and storage. Depending on its design, a passkey can sync to your other devices that use the same provider, or remain tied to one authenticator.

Type Where it is available What to consider
Synced passkey Can become available on other devices signed in to the same passkey provider. Convenient across devices, but access and recovery depend on the provider and its account-recovery options.
Device-bound passkey Stays with a particular authenticator, such as a FIDO security key. Offers a separate physical authenticator, but you need access to that key to use that credential. A second supported key can serve as a recovery credential.

FIDO describes these storage options and providers in its passkeys FAQ. Neither syncing nor keeping a key device-bound is best for everyone; the trade-off is between access across devices and how specifically the credential is tied to an authenticator.

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Using a passkey on a different device

If the computer you are signing in on does not hold the passkey, some services and devices support a phone-to-computer flow. The computer displays a QR code; you scan it with a nearby phone that has the passkey, then approve the sign-in on the phone. A Bluetooth Low Energy proximity check helps confirm the phone is nearby. FIDO says the flow also uses cryptographic protections, rather than relying only on Bluetooth security. Availability depends on the service, devices, and passkey provider. Details are in the FIDO Alliance FAQ.

Are passkeys safe?

Passkeys are designed to resist phishing because the credential is associated with the legitimate service and sign-in uses a cryptographic response rather than a secret typed into a page. They also avoid password reuse for accounts using passkeys: there is no reusable password for a password database breach to expose. FIDO explains these protections in its passkeys FAQ.

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They do not eliminate every way an account can be taken over. Your device, passkey provider account, recovery process, and the service’s implementation still matter. Keep the provider account’s recovery options current and know where your passkeys are stored.

What happens if you lose your phone?

The answer depends on where the passkey is stored and how you can recover access to that provider or authenticator. A synced passkey may be available from another device after you regain access to the same provider account. A device-bound passkey may require another authenticator or the service’s own account-recovery process.

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Apple says iCloud Keychain passkeys are end-to-end encrypted and can be recovered even if a user loses all devices. That is an Apple-specific recovery capability, not a guarantee that every provider or service offers the same result. See Apple’s security information for passkeys. For a device-bound passkey, FIDO notes that a separate FIDO security key can be used as a recovery credential; confirm that the account and your devices support the key’s protocol and connection type in the FIDO Alliance FAQ.

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How common are passkeys?

In an April 2026 online survey of 11,000 people across ten countries, the FIDO Alliance reported that 90% were aware of passkeys, 75% had enabled one on at least one account, and 49% used passkeys regularly when available. The survey’s reported margin of error was ±0.9 percentage points at 95% confidence. Separately, 68% of 1,400 surveyed decision-makers at organizations with at least 500 employees said their organization had deployed or was actively deploying passkeys for employee sign-ins; the reported margin of error was ±2.6 percentage points at 95% confidence. FIDO also estimated five billion passkeys in use worldwide, combining public information with its internal deployment data, rather than counting every passkey directly. These are FIDO Alliance findings published May 7, 2026: global passkey adoption report.

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