For most React components, define an explicit props object with a type alias or interface, then let TypeScript infer the function’s return type. The key is choosing the right type for each job: props describe the component’s inputs, React.ReactNode describes broad renderable content, and JSX.Element describes the result of a JSX expression. Those types are not interchangeable.
How do you type React component props in TypeScript?
Props are an object, so describe the object the component accepts. For a small component with one prop, an inline type can be easy to read:
function MyButton({ title }: { title: string }) {
return <button>{title}</button>;
}When a component has several props, a named type makes the contract easier to scan, reuse, and document in editor tooling:
interface MyButtonProps {
title: string;
disabled: boolean;
}
function MyButton({ title, disabled }: MyButtonProps) {
return <button disabled={disabled}>{title}</button>;
}A type alias works just as well for an object-shaped props contract:
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type MyButtonProps = {
title: string;
disabled: boolean;
};Choose between type and interface based on your codebase’s conventions and the shape you need; React does not require one over the other. If a prop can take one of several alternatives, use a union type to express those alternatives. React’s TypeScript guide describes props types as both a correctness check and useful inline documentation.
Should children use ReactNode or ReactElement?
Choose the children type according to what the component actually accepts.
| Type | Use it when | What it permits |
|---|---|---|
React.ReactNode |
The component accepts ordinary renderable content. | Broad children content, including values such as elements, strings, and numbers. |
React.ReactElement |
The component specifically requires an element object. | An element, rather than arbitrary renderable values such as strings or numbers. |
For a wrapper that renders whatever content it receives, use React.ReactNode:
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interface PanelProps {
children: React.ReactNode;
}
function Panel({ children }: PanelProps) {
return <section>{children}</section>;
}Use React.ReactElement only when an element itself is part of the API contract—for example, when code needs to work with an element object rather than simply render arbitrary content. React’s guide also cautions that TypeScript cannot enforce a requirement such as “children must be only <li> elements.”
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What is the difference between JSX.Element and a React component type?
JSX.Element is the type of a JSX expression’s result. It is not the type of the component function, and it does not retain the original element’s prop, attribute, or child information. For example, <MyButton title="Save" /> produces a JSX result; MyButtonProps describes the input contract that TypeScript checks when the component is used.
The TypeScript JSX Handbook distinguishes the result of JSX from what is valid to use as a JSX component. It documents JSX.ElementType as the mechanism for specifying valid component types; since TypeScript 5.1, that mechanism can override the default model for accepted component return types. In practice, type the props from the component’s first argument, and use a return annotation only when it clarifies a particular exported contract or API.
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Types such as React.ReactNode, React.ReactElement, JSX.Element, and a component type answer different questions: what can be rendered, what is an element object, what a JSX expression returns, and what can be used as a component. Avoid substituting one for another simply because each is associated with JSX.
Should new components be functions or classes?
For new code, use function components. React’s Component reference says, “We recommend defining components as functions instead of classes.” Class components remain supported, but React does not recommend them for new code. When maintaining a class component, describe its props with the class’s props type and access them through this.props; that is a maintenance context rather than the default pattern for new components.
How should you type event handlers and style props?
For event handlers, use the type expected by the relevant element or prop. In an editor, hover over the handler position or an existing handler to see the inferred type, then reuse the appropriate specific event type when you need to annotate it. React’s TypeScript guide identifies React.SyntheticEvent as a base type when a needed event is not covered by a more specific type; avoid widening a handler to that base type unnecessarily.
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For an inline style object, use React.CSSProperties when you want checking and editor completion for supported style properties:
const style: React.CSSProperties = {
marginTop: 12,
};These event and style patterns are covered in React’s TypeScript guide.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What TypeScript setup does a React project need?
React’s TypeScript guide names @types/react and @types/react-dom as the type definitions for React on the web. Any source file containing JSX must use the .tsx extension. TypeScript must also be configured with a valid jsx compiler option: the React guide says preserve suffices for most applications, while library authors should choose a setting that fits their publishing setup. The TypeScript JSX Handbook explains the available modes and their output behavior.
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The React guide also says the TypeScript lib option should include dom; this is included by default when no lib option is specified. Frameworks and installed type-package versions can affect project configuration, so use the setup appropriate to the project rather than assuming one configuration fits every build pipeline.
How should you handle collections of children?
Do not assume children is an array. React treats the children data structure as opaque, and one child does not have to be wrapped in an array. If a component needs to count or transform children, use the methods in React’s Children API rather than relying on a particular underlying shape.
React notes that manipulating children can be fragile. Depending on the component’s purpose, an explicit child-component API or a render prop may be a clearer design than inspecting and transforming arbitrary children.
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