Use Matplotlib’s PdfPages context manager to save multiple figures as pages in one PDF. Call pdf.savefig(fig) for each figure, then let the with block close the file.
Save multiple figures to one PDF
Import PdfPages from Matplotlib’s standard PDF backend, open the output file, and save each figure inside the context manager. This example creates a three-page PDF:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
with PdfPages("report.pdf") as pdf:
for i in range(3):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot([0, 1, 2], [i, i + 1, i + 2])
ax.set_title(f"Page {i + 1}")
pdf.savefig(fig)
plt.close(fig)- Import
PdfPagesfrommatplotlib.backends.backend_pdf. - Open the destination path with
PdfPages. - Create each figure and call
pdf.savefig(fig). Every call adds a page to the same PDF. - Close figures when finished with them, particularly in loops, so many open figures are not retained.
The context manager closes the PDF when execution leaves the block, including when an exception occurs inside it. See the Matplotlib multipage PDF example and backend PDF API reference.
Choose figures explicitly or save the active figure
Passing fig to pdf.savefig(fig) makes clear which figure becomes the next page. The method can also use the active figure if no figure argument is supplied. Explicitly passing the figure is useful when your code creates or manages several figures. The API reference documents both behaviors.
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Alternative: use plt.savefig
You can also pass the PdfPages object to plt.savefig, but specify the PDF format:
plt.savefig(pdf, format="pdf")For example, inside the loop, replace pdf.savefig(fig) with plt.savefig(pdf, format="pdf"). The Matplotlib how-to FAQ documents this alternative. Calling pdf.savefig(fig) directly avoids the extra format argument and identifies the figure to save.
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Set PDF metadata or add page notes
Metadata is optional. You can provide it when constructing PdfPages, or change the document information dictionary with infodict(). Documented keys include Title, Author, Subject, Keywords, Creator, Producer, CreationDate, and ModDate. Some fields have predefined values; setting a field to None removes it.
with PdfPages("report.pdf") as pdf:
info = pdf.infodict()
info["Title"] = "Monthly report"
info["Author"] = "Data team"
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot([1, 2, 3])
pdf.attach_note("First page")
pdf.savefig(fig)
plt.close(fig)attach_note(text) attaches a note to the page saved next. get_pagecount() returns the current page count. The multipage gallery demonstrates notes and metadata, and the API reference documents the available methods and fields.
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When to use the PGF backend
For the standard workflow, use matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.PdfPages. Matplotlib also provides matplotlib.backends.backend_pgf.PdfPages for multipage PDFs in a PGF-oriented workflow. The gallery documents that the PGF version does not support attach_note; use the ordinary PDF backend if page notes are needed.
Make sure the PDF is finalized
If you do not use a with block, call close() on the PdfPages object when finished. The context-manager approach handles closure automatically and is the simplest way to ensure the file is finalized. See the API reference.
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