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To create a PowerShell module, put reusable functions in a .psm1 script file, place its folder somewhere PowerShell can find through PSModulePath, and load it with Import-Module. A .psd1 manifest is optional for a basic local module but recommended for maintainability and required to publish a module to the PowerShell Gallery.
Create a script module
This walkthrough creates a script module: PowerShell code stored in a .psm1 file. Binary modules instead use compiled assemblies and a different build process. A module can also package supporting files, nested modules, and other content.
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Create a directory named for the module, such as
GreetingTools. -
Inside it, create a same-named file,
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Add functions to the file. For example:
function Get-Greeting { param([string]$Name = 'there') "Hello, $Name!" } -
Save the file. The function is now part of the script module; whether PowerShell can find it by module name depends on the module folder’s location.
Add and validate a module manifest
A module manifest is a .psd1 PowerShell data file that describes the module and can specify requirements and control loading. It is not the implementation file. For a simple local module, you can work without a manifest; for a module intended for the Gallery, a manifest is required.
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Create a manifest in the module’s top-level directory, using the module’s name for the file:
New-ModuleManifest -Path ./GreetingTools/GreetingTools.psd1 -
Review and update the generated manifest, including its version and useful descriptive metadata.
ModuleVersionis the only required manifest key; other entries depend on the module.What’s actually slowing this PC down?
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Check the manifest before relying on or publishing the module:
Test-ModuleManifest -Path ./GreetingTools/GreetingTools.psd1
See Microsoft’s module manifest reference for manifest fields and behavior, and its manifest authoring guidance for creating one.
Make PowerShell discover and import the module
For name-based discovery, the module directory must be inside a directory listed in $env:PSModulePath. The exact paths differ between Windows PowerShell and PowerShell 7, and by operating system, so inspect the current session rather than copying an installation path from another machine:
$env:PSModulePath -split [IO.Path]::PathSeparatorPlace the GreetingTools directory under one of the displayed locations. Then import it into the current session:
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Import-Module GreetingTools
Get-Greeting -Name 'Morgan'For a one-off local check, you can import from the module’s file or directory path instead of installing it under a module search path:
Import-Module ./GreetingTools/GreetingTools.psm1Importing loads the module into the current PowerShell session; it does not install the module in a repository or publish it for other users. PowerShell can also implicitly import a module when you invoke one of its commands, a capability available starting with Windows PowerShell 3.0. Explicit import is useful when you want to make the loading step clear.
Microsoft documents module discovery and loading in about_PSModulePath and about_Modules.
Install an existing module from a repository
Installing downloads an existing module from a registered repository, such as the PowerShell Gallery; it is distinct from importing a module already available on disk. The package-management command to use depends on the PowerShell and package-manager environment.
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Install-Moduleis the PowerShellGet installation command. -
Install-PSResourceis provided by PSResourceGet. Microsoft identifiesMicrosoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGetas included with PowerShell 7.4 and later and recommends it in that version context.
Do not assume both commands are present or interchangeable on every older PowerShell installation. Check the version and available package-management module, and follow Microsoft’s repository installation guidance for the environment you use.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Publish your module to the PowerShell Gallery
Publishing makes a module available through a repository; it does not merely load it into your own session. Before publishing, put the module implementation and manifest in the expected module folder, complete the required package metadata, and validate the manifest.
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Run
Test-ModuleManifestagainst the module’s.psd1file and resolve any reported problems. -
Obtain a NuGet API key for your Gallery account. Treat it like a password: do not put a live key in a public script or documentation. The key can authorize updates to items owned by that account.
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Preview the publishing operation before sending it to the Gallery. Microsoft’s publishing guidance recommends
-WhatIf -Verbose:Publish-Module -Path ./GreetingTools -NuGetApiKey $apiKey -WhatIf -Verbose -
When the preview is correct, publish without
-WhatIf:Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.Publish-Module -Path ./GreetingTools -NuGetApiKey $apiKey
Update the module version in its manifest when preparing a new release. See Microsoft’s PowerShell Gallery publishing guidance for the requirements and process.
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