There is no single Visa or Mastercard authorization-expiry period. A network deadline for processing or presenting a transaction is different from the date an issuer releases the cardholder’s authorization hold. The applicable deadline depends on the authorization type, transaction channel, merchant category, country or region, and processor or acquirer setup.
What the Visa and Mastercard deadlines mean
A card authorization approves a transaction and may place a temporary hold on the cardholder’s available funds. After the transaction is completed, the merchant sends it for processing and presentment (often called clearing). These events use related but distinct clocks:
- Issuer-side hold expiry: when the issuer releases the hold. This can affect the cardholder’s available balance, and it is not necessarily the same as the network’s processing deadline.
- Network processing or presentment deadline: how long the merchant has under the applicable network rule to process or present the transaction after approval.
- Chargeback protection period: a separate rule that may affect authorization-related disputes; it does not extend the network deadline or guarantee that an issuer hold remains in place.
A processor may accept a capture request after an issuer-side hold has expired, but that does not mean the customer’s hold is still active or that the capture meets the network deadline. Adyen describes this distinction for its own issuing operation; its behavior should not be treated as a rule for every processor or acquirer. Adyen: Authorisation holds
Visa capture and processing timeframes
Visa’s Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules, April 2024 edition, sets maximum processing timeframes after a valid authorization. The general timeframes below are counted from the date of a valid authorization. Visa also has country-specific requirements that can supersede the general table. Visa rules, April 2024
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| Visa transaction class | General timeframe in the April 2024 rules |
|---|---|
| Some cardholder-initiated card-absent transactions using an extended Authorization indicator, and selected estimated-authorization categories, including certain cruise, lodging, and vehicle-rental transactions | 30 calendar days |
| Ordinary card-absent transactions and selected estimated-authorization categories | 10 calendar days |
| Other card-present transactions and merchant-initiated transactions | 5 calendar days |
Those entries are not interchangeable. For example, a five-day timeframe is not a universal Visa authorization expiry: it applies to the specified class of transactions in the general table, while other classes have different periods. Country-specific examples in the April 2024 rules include two days for certain India domestic card-absent transactions, four days for other India domestic transactions, and 30 days for Japan domestic transactions. The rules also say an incremental authorization does not extend the applicable general or country-specific processing timeframe.
Mastercard capture and presentment timeframes
Mastercard’s Transaction Processing Rules, dated June 10, 2025, generally require a purchase to be presented to the issuer within 30 calendar days after the latest approval for a preauthorization, or within seven calendar days after approval for an authorization other than a preauthorization. Separate transaction classes and regional modifications can change the applicable requirement. Mastercard Transaction Processing Rules, June 10, 2025
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| Mastercard authorization or transaction class | Timeframe in the June 10, 2025 rules |
|---|---|
| Purchase after a preauthorization | 30 calendar days after the latest authorization approval |
| Purchase after an authorization other than a preauthorization | 7 calendar days after approval |
| Final authorization in a dual-message environment in India domestic transactions | 4 calendar days; the presented amount must match the approved amount |
For final authorizations in dual-message environments outside the cited India domestic exception, the 2025 rules specify a seven-calendar-day clearing deadline and require the presented amount to equal the authorized amount. A final authorization is not the same as a preauthorization, so do not apply the preauthorization’s 30-day period to it.
Why the deadline may differ from the hold shown to the cardholder
The network rules address processing or presentment; the issuer controls when a hold is released. If a hold disappears before a later capture posts, the cardholder may see the funds return to their available balance and then see the completed transaction post afterward. That visible change does not by itself establish whether the merchant met the network deadline.
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Mastercard’s 2025 rules also describe authorization-related chargeback protection periods under reason code 4808, including 30 days for preauthorizations and seven days for final authorizations in general POS provisions, subject to regional exceptions. Those periods concern dispute protection; they are not a general extension to the presentment deadline or a promise that an issuer hold lasts that long.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to identify the correct deadline for a transaction
- Confirm what “expiry” means. Ask whether you need the issuer’s hold-release timing, the processor’s capture-request cutoff, the network’s processing or presentment deadline, or a chargeback-protection period.
- Identify the authorization type. Check whether the transaction is a preauthorization, final authorization, estimated authorization, extended card-absent authorization, or another authorization class.
- Check the transaction details that affect the rule. Confirm the network, card-present or card-absent status, cardholder-initiated or merchant-initiated status, merchant category, and domestic or cross-border region.
- Confirm the operational cutoff with your acquirer or processor. The network rule and the processor’s capture workflow are not interchangeable. Use the agreement and transaction-specific guidance that apply to your account.
- Process or reverse the authorization as appropriate. Submit completed transactions within the applicable deadline and reverse unused authorizations when required by the network rules or your acquirer.
Visa provides its Visa rules and policy portal, which directs users to rules and notes that country-specific requirements and the Visa acceptance agreement may apply. Mastercard’s rulebook includes regional modifications, and its rules and compliance programs page provides access to its rules. For operational decisions, check the current network documents and your acquirer or processor’s requirements; the Visa figures here are from the April 2024 rulebook and the Mastercard figures from rules dated June 10, 2025.
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