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Excel can convert many measurements directly in a worksheet with =CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit). For example, =CONVERT(A1,"mi","km") converts the value in A1 from miles to kilometers. The key is to use a supported, correctly capitalized unit code—and to convert between compatible types of measurement.
How to use Excel’s CONVERT function
The syntax is =CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit). Put the value or cell reference first, then the source unit code and destination unit code in quotation marks. Microsoft describes the function as one that “Converts a number from one measurement system to another.”
- Enter a number in a cell, such as
6in A1. - In another cell, enter
=CONVERT(A1,"mi","km"). - Press Enter. Microsoft’s example converts six miles to 9.656064 kilometers.
The same pattern works for other supported conversions: =CONVERT(A1,"C","F") converts Celsius to Fahrenheit, =CONVERT(A1,"tsp","tbs") converts teaspoons to tablespoons, and =CONVERT(A1,"in","ft") converts inches to feet. In each formula, the second argument describes what the input already is; the third names the unit you want.
You can also nest conversions. Microsoft demonstrates converting 100 square feet to square meters with =CONVERT(CONVERT(100,"ft","m"),"ft","m"), which returns 9.290304. For a less common measurement, use Microsoft’s CONVERT function documentation to find the exact supported codes rather than guessing.
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Supported units and compatibility rules
CONVERT includes documented codes for weight and mass, distance, time, pressure, force, energy, power, magnetism, temperature, volume, area, information, and speed. It does not accept arbitrary unit names, and recognizing both unit codes does not mean Excel can convert between them: the source and destination must belong to compatible measurement groups.
For example, length can be converted to length, but not to time. Microsoft’s example =CONVERT(2.5,"ft","sec") returns #N/A because feet and seconds are incompatible groups.
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Unit codes and prefixes are case-sensitive. Metric prefixes can be added to supported metric units, and binary prefixes are available only for compatible units. Prefix support is not universal; using an unsupported binary prefix results in #N/A.
Fix common CONVERT errors
| Error | Documented cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
#VALUE! |
Incorrect input data types, according to Microsoft. | Check that the number argument is numeric and the unit arguments are supplied as text codes. |
#N/A |
An unknown unit, units from different groups, or a binary prefix unsupported for that unit. | Verify each code’s spelling and capitalization, confirm the units are compatible, and check whether the prefix is supported. |
Microsoft’s complete unit and prefix list is available in its CONVERT function reference.
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When CONVERT is—and is not—the right tool for time
Use CONVERT when the task is changing one time unit to another. Microsoft advises treating a year as 365.25 days for conversions involving a year. But time-unit conversion is different from calculating the interval between calendar dates or changing how a time value is displayed.
| Your task | Use |
|---|---|
| Convert a quantity from one time unit to another | CONVERT; see Microsoft’s unit codes and conversion guidance. |
| Calculate months between dates | A date-interval approach, as covered in Microsoft’s time conversion guidance. |
| Turn an hours:minutes:seconds value into a decimal number | A decimal-time conversion, not a change of unit code with CONVERT; see Microsoft’s Convert times instructions. |
| Show a decimal value as standard time | Apply a time display format, as described in Microsoft’s time conversion guidance. |
Which Excel versions list CONVERT?
Microsoft lists CONVERT for Excel for Microsoft 365, Excel 2024, Excel 2021, Excel 2019, and Excel 2016, including Mac editions for Microsoft 365, 2024, and 2021. See Microsoft’s Engineering functions reference for the broader function list.
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