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React components compose by passing props—including JSX—to child components. Nest content to create a children slot; lift state when components must coordinate one value; use context when information needs to reach distant descendants; and use custom Hooks to reuse stateful logic. These patterns solve different problems, so choose based on what is being shared and who needs it.
Compose components with props and JSX
Props are the ordinary, explicit way for a parent to pass information to a child. They can hold strings, objects, callbacks, and JSX. A component that receives JSX can render it without needing to know how that content is built.
Use children for nested content
When JSX is nested between a component’s opening and closing tags, React makes that content available through the children prop. This is a natural fit for wrappers such as cards, panels, and layouts:
function Panel({ children }) {
return <section className="panel">{children}</section>;
}
function Profile() {
return (
<Panel>
<h2>Account</h2>
<p>Manage your profile settings.</p>
</Panel>
);
}Panel controls the surrounding structure while its caller supplies the content. React documents nested JSX as the children prop, and describes children as a React node supplied by JSX nesting in its common components reference.
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Use a named JSX prop for a clear slot
Not all inserted content needs to be called children. A named prop can clarify the role of a particular slot, especially when a component accepts several distinct pieces of JSX:
function Dialog({ title, actions }) {
return (
<section role="dialog">
<h2>{title}</h2>
{actions}
</section>
);
}
<Dialog
title="Delete project?"
actions={<button>Cancel</button>}
/>Choose the prop name that describes the content’s purpose. In both forms, the receiving component owns the frame and the calling component supplies the inserted JSX.
Keep data flow explicit and props immutable
A parent can decide what a child receives by passing values as props. React treats props as read-only snapshots for a render: a component should not mutate them. When data needs to change, update the state that owns it and render again with new props.
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Explicit props make dependencies visible in the component’s API. Avoid forwarding a broad set of props automatically through several layers when those components do not need them; repeated forwarding can obscure which component uses which information. If the middle components only arrange the UI, passing JSX as children may let the content travel around them without threading unrelated values through each one.
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If two or more components need to stay in sync around the same value, store that value in their closest common parent. The parent passes the current value down as props and gives children handlers they can call to request a change. React calls this lifting state up.
Example: coordinate accordion panels
For an accordion that allows only one panel to be open at a time, the accordion parent can own the open panel’s identifier. Each panel receives whether it is open and a handler for selecting it:
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function Accordion() {
const [activeIndex, setActiveIndex] = useState(0);
return (
<>
<Panel
isActive={activeIndex === 0}
onShow={() => setActiveIndex(0)}
/>
<Panel
isActive={activeIndex === 1}
onShow={() => setActiveIndex(1)}
/>
</>
);
}The exact state shape depends on the interface; the key is that there is one owner for the value that must stay coordinated. React’s state-sharing guide recommends placing coordinated state in the closest common parent and passing it to the components that need it.
Controlled and uncontrolled describe ownership
A component is controlled when its parent supplies the value that determines its behavior, such as an isActive prop. It is uncontrolled when it keeps that value internally. Neither is automatically better: use parent ownership when other components must coordinate with the value; internal ownership can be simpler when the value is private to that component.
Use context when information needs to travel deeply
Context lets a component make information available to descendants without passing it through every intermediate component as a prop. That can help when many components or distant descendants need the same information. React’s documentation lists theming, the current account, routing, and state management among common context uses.
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First check whether ordinary props already keep the data flow clear. Also consider extracting a component so an intermediate layout can receive the relevant UI as children rather than accepting and forwarding data it does not use. React’s context guide recommends considering these alternatives because context can be overused.
The trade-off is API visibility: explicit props show what a component consumes, while context avoids repeated passage through intermediate components. Context is most useful when the value genuinely belongs to a broader subtree, not merely because passing a prop once feels inconvenient.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Use custom Hooks to reuse logic, not one shared state instance
A custom Hook packages reusable stateful behavior so multiple components can use the same logic. For example, an online-status Hook can encapsulate how a component subscribes to connectivity changes, while a form Hook can collect common input behavior.
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Calling the same custom Hook in two components does not make their state shared. Each Hook call has its own independent state. If those components must display or update one coordinated value, lift that value to a common parent or use context where appropriate. React explains this distinction in Reusing Logic with Custom Hooks.
Preserve React’s render and component rules
Composition stays predictable when render logic is pure: for the same inputs, a component should return the same UI without causing side effects. Do not mutate props or state, and do not perform side effects during render. Put side effects in the appropriate event handlers or Effects instead.
Render components through JSX rather than calling component functions as ordinary functions. React must control component invocation to manage rendering correctly. These principles are set out in React’s Rules of React.
Quick Recap
Choose the pattern by what you need to share
| Need | Pattern | Why it fits |
|---|---|---|
| Markup or content inside a wrapper | children or a named JSX prop |
The wrapper renders supplied content without owning its details. |
| One value coordinated across components | Lift state to the closest common parent; pass values and handlers as props | One component owns the value that must remain in sync. |
| Information needed by distant descendants or many components | Context, after considering props and component extraction | Descendants can access the value without intermediate forwarding. |
| Repeated stateful behavior across components | Custom Hook | Components reuse logic while each Hook call keeps independent state. |
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