Start with the cloud provider or hypervisor where the VM will run, then choose a publisher-maintained image explicitly built or validated for that platform. Before launching, confirm the image’s architecture, boot and disk-format requirements, first-boot provisioning and login method, root-disk resizing, and the Linux release’s support status. A generic or custom image can work, but only if it meets the target platform’s documented requirements.
Start with the target platform
An image is not automatically portable just because it contains Linux. Providers and hypervisors can expect different image formats, metadata, boot settings, guest integrations, and provisioning behavior. Begin by naming both the destination and the VM or instance family you plan to use.
Then look for the distribution’s image catalog or the provider’s image marketplace. Prefer an image maintained by the distribution publisher or validated by the provider, and check that its release is still supported. For example, Canonical publishes Ubuntu images for Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Oracle Cloud, as well as standard and minimal images for Hyper-V, KVM, OpenStack, Vagrant, and VMware. See Canonical’s Ubuntu cloud images.
A platform-specific image is usually the least complicated choice when its release and package set suit your workload. It may include integrations or defaults tailored to that platform. A generic image is reasonable when no suitable platform image exists or you need a controlled custom build, but you must verify that it satisfies the platform’s preparation and boot requirements.
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Check compatibility before comparing package sets
First establish whether the image can run on the intended VM. Compare the image’s CPU architecture, firmware or boot mode, hypervisor expectations, and any required metadata with the instance family. In OpenStack, metadata such as architecture, hypervisor type, and virtual-machine mode can affect which compute hosts are eligible to run an instance. Consult the relevant OpenStack image format and metadata documentation and the target cloud’s own requirements.
Do not assume that disk formats are interchangeable across providers. OpenStack notes that accepted disk and container formats are defined by each cloud’s Images API schema, so check the schema for the cloud you will actually use rather than relying on a format accepted elsewhere. For custom Ubuntu uploads to Azure, Microsoft’s guidance specifies a fixed VHD and says VHDX is unsupported. Azure’s Ubuntu image preparation guidance describes that upload requirement.
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Verify first-boot setup and access
Cloud images often rely on cloud-init or a provider guest agent to process instance metadata and user data, configure networking, inject an SSH public key, or perform other first-boot tasks. Confirm that the image supports the initialization features your deployment depends on and that the provider supplies them in the expected way.
Also read the image’s documented default account and login procedure before creating the VM. Many cloud images disable SSH password authentication by default and expect access through an injected key pair. OpenStack’s image acquisition guide describes key-based access and lists default usernames for several distributions. Do not assume that a password login will be available or that every image uses the same account name.
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Check disk growth and image contents
Compare the image’s root-disk behavior with the disk size you intend to assign. Some images need to expand the root partition or filesystem during boot to use a larger virtual disk; verify that the image and its initialization tools handle this correctly. OpenStack’s Linux image requirements include disk resizing, along with avoiding hard-coded MAC addresses, providing a running SSH server, and supporting public-key access and user-data or metadata processing. Which requirements apply depends on the cloud and features in use.
Check the included kernel, drivers, and package set as well. A minimal image can reduce the initial footprint, but it may require you to add tools or services before the workload can run. A broader base image may be more convenient while including components your deployment does not need. Treat these as operational trade-offs, not as evidence that one image will perform better; performance depends on the workload and VM configuration.
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Confirm the release’s support and update path
Choose a release whose support period fits the planned lifetime of the VM, and establish how security updates will reach it. Canonical says Ubuntu cloud images are supported through the lifecycle of their Ubuntu release and can receive that release’s published security fixes and bug fixes; check the Ubuntu cloud image listings and release information for the specific image you plan to deploy.
For Ubuntu cloud images, Canonical recommends moving to a new image and migrating the workload and data for a release upgrade rather than relying on an in-place upgrade. Image-specific customizations may not be present after an in-place upgrade, so plan the migration and any configuration rebuilding as part of lifecycle management.
Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
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Use this selection sequence
- Name the destination: identify the provider or hypervisor and the exact VM or instance family.
- Find a suitable catalog image: check the distribution’s image catalog or provider marketplace, favor publisher-maintained or provider-validated builds, and confirm the release is supported.
- Match compatibility details: verify architecture, boot mode, hypervisor expectations, and required image metadata against the chosen VM.
- Confirm the image format: check the provider’s current documentation or API schema; do not infer that a format supported by another cloud will work.
- Check provisioning and login: confirm cloud-init or guest-agent support for the needed initialization, networking, metadata, key injection, and storage behavior, then follow the documented account and access procedure.
- Validate storage and image hygiene: verify root-disk expansion and check for machine-specific settings such as a hard-coded MAC address.
- Test custom images safely: follow the platform’s image-preparation requirements and boot the image in a disposable VM before production use. Microsoft recommends starting with prebuilt, tested Ubuntu cloud images for Azure when possible (Azure Ubuntu guidance).
Compare only images that can run on the target
Once you have filtered out images that fail platform or workload requirements, compare the remaining candidates on the dimensions that affect your deployment:
- Compatibility: platform, architecture, VM family, firmware or boot mode, metadata, and accepted disk format.
- Provisioning: cloud-init or guest-agent support, first-boot customization, metadata, networking, key injection, and default account.
- Security and maintenance: publisher provenance, release support, security-update delivery, and any required certification or subscription.
- Operational fit: root-disk resizing, included kernel and drivers, base versus minimal packages, and effort required to maintain a custom image.
There is no universal image ranking: documentation establishes platform eligibility and support, while workload-specific performance must be assessed on the VM type and configuration you intend to use. Image catalogs, supported releases, provider capabilities, format requirements, and guest integrations can change, so verify the relevant provider and distribution documentation when you deploy.
Quick Recap
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