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In Python, commas create tuples; parentheses usually make the grouping clearer. Use () for an empty tuple and include a trailing comma for a one-item tuple, such as (3,). Tuples are ordered and immutable, so they suit fixed groups of values; use a list when the collection itself needs to change.
How to create a tuple
For two or more values, separate the items with commas. Parentheses are commonly used to show that the values belong together, but the commas—not the parentheses—make the tuple.
point = (3, 5)
coordinates = 3, 5
empty = ()
singleton = (3,)point and coordinates are both tuples. The empty tuple is (). For a tuple containing exactly one item, the trailing comma matters: (3,) is a tuple, while (3) is simply the integer 3 in grouping parentheses. Python’s tutorial and data model describe these forms.
Tuples can contain values of different types or other tuples:
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record = (42, "Ada", True)
nested = (point, (8, 13))How to pack, unpack, and access tuple values
Comma-separated values on the right side of an assignment are packed into a tuple. Assigning a sequence to multiple names unpacks its items into those names:
point = 3, 5 # packing
x, y = point # unpackingIn ordinary unpacking, the number of names must match the number of items. Use a starred target to collect the remainder into a list:
first, *middle, last = (1, 2, 3, 4)
# first is 1, middle is [2, 3], and last is 4You can read individual values with indexing and retrieve a range with slicing, as with other sequences:
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point = (3, 5)
first = point[0] # 3
both = point[0:2] # (3, 5)The Python tutorial explains tuple packing and sequence unpacking, including their use in multiple assignment.
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A tuple’s item bindings cannot be changed in place: you cannot assign a different object to an item, append an item, or remove one. To represent a changed sequence, create a new tuple. For example, point[0] = 9 raises a TypeError.
Immutability applies to the tuple’s references to its items; it does not make every referenced object immutable. If an item is a mutable object, that object can still change:
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container = ([1, 2], "label")
container[0].append(3) # the list becomes [1, 2, 3]
# container[0] = [9] # TypeError: tuple item assignment is not supportedThe distinction is demonstrated in the Python tutorial and described in its data model.
When to choose a tuple or a list
| Choose | When it fits | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Tuple | The grouped values form a fixed sequence or record, and you do not need to reassign its items in place. | A coordinate pair such as (3, 5), or a record such as (42, "Ada", True). |
| List | The collection itself needs to change, such as by adding, removing, or replacing entries. | A collection of entries that grows or is edited as the program runs. |
Python documentation describes tuples as immutable and often heterogeneous, and lists as mutable and often homogeneous. These are common conventions, not restrictions: a tuple can contain values of the same type, and a list can contain different types. Choose based on whether the collection needs in-place changes, not on an assumed performance advantage. See the tutorial and built-in type reference.
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Call tuple(iterable) to create a tuple containing the iterable’s items in iteration order. Calling tuple() with no argument creates an empty tuple.
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from_list = tuple(["red", "green"])
empty = tuple()The conversion is documented in Python’s built-in type reference.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Using tuples as dictionary keys
A tuple can be a dictionary key or a set member only if all of its contents are hashable. A tuple that contains a list is not hashable: the tuple’s item bindings are fixed, but the list can change. Use hashable components, such as integers or strings, when you need a tuple key.
locations = {(3, 5): "desk"} # valid: integers are hashable
# invalid_key = ([3, 5], "desk")
# locations[invalid_key] = "item" # TypeError: unhashable listPython’s tuple reference covers tuple hashability.
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Annotating tuple types
Use a type annotation to describe a tuple’s expected contents. A fixed pair with different types can be annotated as tuple[int, str]; a tuple containing any number of integers can be written as tuple[int, ...].
person: tuple[int, str] = (42, "Ada")
scores: tuple[int, ...] = (10, 8, 9)Advanced unpacked tuple type syntax using a starred type requires Python 3.11 or newer. The typing specification also describes typing.Unpack as a compatibility form for older versions. Check the typing specification for the syntax supported by your target Python version.
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