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Use QTableWidget for a straightforward item-based table: set its dimensions and headers, add a QTableWidgetItem for each cell, then retrieve cells with item(row, column). This PyQt6 example also shows cell coloring, safe text reads, edit signals, and how sorting can affect row insertion.

Create and populate a QTableWidget

Install PyQt6 with pip install PyQt6, as documented by Riverbank Computing. Each populated cell needs its own QTableWidgetItem. Convert values to strings when preparing display text.

import sys

from PyQt6.QtGui import QColor
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

table = QTableWidget(3, 3)
table.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(["Product", "Quantity", "Status"])

rows = [
    ("Notebook", 12, "In stock"),
    ("Pen", 30, "In stock"),
    ("Folder", 0, "Out of stock"),
]

for row_index, row_data in enumerate(rows):
    for column_index, value in enumerate(row_data):
        item = QTableWidgetItem(str(value))
        table.setItem(row_index, column_index, item)

table.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())

The constructor above creates three rows and three columns. You can also create the widget without dimensions and set them later with setRowCount() and setColumnCount(). setHorizontalHeaderLabels() assigns the column headings. The table takes ownership of items passed to setItem(row, column, item), so do not treat those inserted items as independently managed display objects. See the Qt for Python QTableWidget documentation for the widget’s item-based API; the example here uses PyQt6 imports.

Read cell text safely

Call item(row, column) to retrieve a cell item, then use its text() method. If the cell was never populated, item() can return None, so check before reading it.

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item = table.item(0, 0)
if item is not None:
    print(item.text())  # Notebook

To inspect the table’s bounds, use rowCount() and columnCount(). These methods are useful when iterating without assuming fixed dimensions:

for row in range(table.rowCount()):
    values = []
    for column in range(table.columnCount()):
        item = table.item(row, column)
        values.append(item.text() if item is not None else "")
    print(values)

Change a cell’s appearance

Set an item’s background with setBackground() and a QColor. For example, after creating the item for the out-of-stock status, apply a color before inserting it:

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status_item = QTableWidgetItem("Out of stock")
status_item.setBackground(QColor("#ffd6d6"))
table.setItem(2, 2, status_item)

For alignment, sizing, and broader item-view styling, use the relevant item-view APIs and styles. When cells need custom rendering or editing behavior, a QStyledItemDelegate is the appropriate extension point; Qt’s model/view programming overview discusses delegates and their relationship to styles.

Handle edits and sort without shifting inserted data

Use itemChanged(item) when you need the changed item, or cellChanged(row, column) when the changed cell coordinates are enough. These are edit-change signals, not click notifications.

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Fill the table before enabling sorting, especially if you are populating several cells in each row. If sorting is active on the column being set, setItem() can move that row immediately. Subsequent calls that continue using the original row number can then write values into a different record. A safe order is to populate all rows first and turn sorting on afterwards.

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Choose QTableWidget or QTableView

QTableWidget is a convenient item-based widget with a default model; it suits a simple table whose cell items can be managed directly. If the application has its own data model, use QTableView with that model instead. The official Qt for Python documentation states: “If you want a table that uses your own data model you should use QTableView rather than this class.”

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Consideration QTableWidget QTableView
Where displayed data lives In widget-managed cell items In a separate model supplied by the application
Setup emphasis Simple direct item creation and insertion Control over model behavior and separation of data from display
Best fit Straightforward tables where direct cell-item management is convenient Applications that already own structured data or need a reusable/custom model

Qt documents the model-based distinction but does not prescribe a row-count threshold at which one widget becomes preferable. Choose based on how your application owns and reuses its data, rather than an assumed size cutoff.

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