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Call set_xlim() and set_zlim() on the same 3D axes object that contains your scatter plot. Both methods set axis view bounds in data coordinates.

Set both limits on the 3D axes

Create a 3D axes with projection="3d", draw the scatter plot on it, then set its x and z bounds:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection="3d")
ax.scatter(x, y, z)

ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
ax.set_zlim(z_min, z_max)

Here, x_min, x_max, z_min, and z_max represent the desired numeric bounds for your data. The official Matplotlib 3D scatter example likewise creates a 3D axes and plots through that axes object; use that same object to set limits.

Choose a limit-setting form

For separate, explicit operations, use the methods directly:

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ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
ax.set_zlim(z_min, z_max)

You can also set both properties together, which is handy when configuring several axes properties at once:

ax.set(xlim=(x_min, x_max), zlim=(z_min, z_max))

This combined form appears in Matplotlib’s 3D view-limit clipping example.

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Set one endpoint, or reverse the axis

set_zlim() accepts either two separate endpoints or one two-item pair. To change only one endpoint, pass the other as None:

ax.set_zlim((z_min, z_max))  # pair form
ax.set_zlim(bottom=0)        # change the lower endpoint only
ax.set_zlim(top=10)          # change the upper endpoint only

The method returns the resulting pair of limits. You can also reverse the direction intentionally by supplying the endpoints in descending order. For example, ax.set_zlim(5000, 0) makes z values descend from bottom to top, which can suit a depth axis. See the Axes3D.set_zlim API reference for the method’s arguments and return value.

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Limits are view bounds, not data edits

Changing x or z limits changes the bounds of the plotted view; it does not delete or rewrite values in your original arrays. Clipping is a separate behavior: supported 3D plotting functions have an axlim_clip option. In Matplotlib’s clipping example, enabling it hides a line segment when a vertex lies outside the view limits. Consult the official clipping example if you need to control how out-of-bounds 3D artists are displayed.

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Use the 3D axes object for 3D operations

Keep the ax reference returned by fig.add_subplot(projection="3d") and call its methods for 3D plotting and axis configuration. The mplot3d toolkit documentation explains that mplot3d renders a 2D projection of a 3D scene and that pyplot functions cannot add content to 3D plots because their signatures are strictly 2D.

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The documentation pages cited here identify Matplotlib versions 3.11.0 through 3.11.2. If the API signature or behavior differs in your installation, check the documentation for your installed version.

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