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Spring Framework is the modular foundation for building Java applications: it provides dependency injection and other infrastructure, plus modules for web development, data access, transactions, messaging, and testing. Spring Boot builds on that foundation to make starting and configuring a production-oriented Spring application easier. For most newcomers, the practical route is to generate a small Boot project, learn the Spring concepts it uses, and consult the Framework reference for each module.

What is the Spring Framework?

The Spring Framework is a programming and configuration model for Java applications. The Spring Framework project describes it as providing “a comprehensive programming and configuration model for modern Java-based enterprise applications – on any kind of deployment platform.” Its practical role is to supply application infrastructure—the plumbing around configuration, object creation, data access, and web requests—so developers can concentrate on application behavior.

The word “Spring” can mean either this framework or the wider family of Spring projects. Spring Boot, Spring Security, Spring Data, Spring Cloud, and Spring Batch are separate projects with their own repositories, issue trackers, and release cadences. Their versions and support policies should not be assumed to match the Framework’s.

What does Spring Framework do?

The framework is modular: an application can use the parts it needs rather than adopting every capability. Its core container manages object creation and configuration, including dependency injection, which lets components receive their collaborators rather than constructing them directly.

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These capabilities are framework infrastructure, not a requirement to use a particular application architecture. Spring applications can be long-running enterprise deployments constrained by JDK or application-server upgrade cycles, applications packaged with an embedded server, or standalone batch and integration workloads.

How do Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux differ?

Both are Spring web frameworks, but they use different programming models. Spring MVC is Servlet-based. WebFlux is the reactive alternative and does not use the Servlet API directly; it can run on non-Servlet servers such as Netty.

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Choose based on the application’s existing dependencies and programming model, whether it needs Servlet APIs, the team’s need for reactive processing, and the server and runtime that must be supported. The official descriptions establish these architectural differences, not a universal performance winner. Workload-specific evaluation is needed before making performance claims.

What is the difference between Spring and Spring Boot?

Spring Framework provides the underlying programming model and modules. Spring Boot is built on the Framework and adds an opinionated, convention-oriented route to creating and configuring a Spring application, with the goal of getting an application to production readiness more quickly. Boot is a common way to start a Spring project; it is not another name for the Framework, nor does using Boot mean every Framework module is required.

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Which Spring Framework version should I use?

As of October 4, 2026, the official documentation index lists Spring Framework 7.0.9 and 6.2.19 as stable, and 7.1.0-M1 as a preview. Treat the preview as a pre-release, not a stable production choice. Release information changes, so verify the documentation index and the support policy for the specific version when planning a new application or upgrade.

Framework 6.0 and later require Java 17 or newer. That requirement is specific to those Framework versions; it does not describe every historical Spring release. Before upgrading, check the target version’s support policy and migration guide, and confirm compatibility with your JDK, application server, and other dependencies.

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Security maintenance is part of version selection. For example, Spring’s March 13, 2026 announcement of Framework 6.2.17 and 7.0.6 was updated on March 19 to identify fixes for CVE-2026-22735, involving server-sent event stream corruption, and CVE-2026-22737, involving improper path limitation with script view templates. Those are historical release numbers, not current recommendations; follow current Spring security advisories and patch releases for the line you use.

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Does Spring Framework require Java 17?

Yes for Spring Framework 6.0 and later, according to Spring’s version guidance. The requirement is tied to those releases, rather than to Spring as a whole or to every version in the project’s history. If an application must remain on an older JDK or application-server platform, select a compatible Framework release only after checking that release’s official support policy and the rest of the application’s compatibility requirements.

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How do I get started with Spring?

  1. Generate a small application. Use Spring Initializr to select a project setup and the feature you want to try. A Boot-based project is the recommended practical starting point for many newcomers.
  2. Learn the configuration and dependency-injection model. Follow how the application’s components are declared, configured, and connected instead of treating generated files as magic.
  3. Add one feature at a time. Start with a focused task, such as a REST endpoint or a data-backed feature. Spring’s task-focused guides include a guide to building a RESTful web service.
  4. Use the Framework reference for the module in play. Consult the Spring Framework reference documentation for current details on the specific web, data, transaction, or other capability your application uses.

For structured reading, Spring in Action, Sixth Edition by Craig Walls is an optional learning resource. The publisher says it was revised for Spring 5.3 and covers reactive applications, relational and NoSQL databases, and HTTP/REST services. That makes it useful background, but its examples predate today’s stable Framework 7.0 and 6.2 lines. Pair it with current official documentation and verify dependencies and examples before applying them to a current project.

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