To remove both carriage returns and line feeds from anywhere in a Python string, use text.replace("r", "").replace("n", ""). If you remove only n from text that uses Windows-style CRLF endings, the r can remain. For other recognized line boundaries, use "".join(text.splitlines())—but note that this removes more than just CR and LF.
Choose the method that matches what you want removed
Python strings are immutable, and str.replace() returns a modified copy rather than changing the original. Assign the result to a variable. With no count argument, it replaces every occurrence. The Python 3.14 built-in types documentation defines it as returning a copy with all occurrences of the old substring replaced by the new one.
| Goal | Code | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Remove LF only | clean = text.replace("n", "") |
Deletes every line-feed character; any r remains. |
| Remove CR only | clean = text.replace("r", "") |
Deletes every carriage-return character; any n remains. |
| Remove CR and LF wherever they occur | clean = text.replace("r", "").replace("n", "") |
Deletes both characters, including both parts of CRLF endings. |
Remove all boundaries recognized by splitlines() |
clean = "".join(text.splitlines()) |
Splits at recognized line boundaries and concatenates the text between them. |
| Replace recognized boundaries with spaces | clean = " ".join(text.splitlines()) |
Joins lines with spaces instead of running adjacent text together. |
Why removing n can leave r
Line endings are not all represented by the same character. LF is n, CR is r, and Windows-style CRLF is the two-character sequence rn. If you remove only n from CRLF text, the carriage return remains. For example:
text = "firstrnsecond"
clean = text.replace("n", "")
print(repr(clean)) # 'firstrsecond'For literal removal of both characters, replace both, as in the introductory example. If you know the input contains only CRLF sequences and want to remove that exact sequence, use text.replace("rn", ""). That exact replacement does not remove standalone CR or LF characters.
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When splitlines() is the better fit
splitlines() recognizes CR, LF, and CRLF, along with other boundaries such as vertical tab, form feed, file/group/record separators, next-line, and Unicode line and paragraph separators. It returns line contents without their endings by default; "".join(...) then concatenates those contents. Use it when you mean to remove the broader set of recognized boundaries, not only literal CR and LF.
There are small edge-case differences from split("n"): an empty string gives [] with splitlines() but [""] with split("n"), and a final line break does not produce an extra trailing item with splitlines(). These details matter if you are relying on the number of resulting pieces rather than simply removing boundaries.
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Keep words apart when removing line breaks
Deleting a boundary concatenates the text around it. If a newline separates words, "".join(text.splitlines()) can turn "goodnmorning" into "goodmorning". If you want a space at each recognized boundary, use " ".join(text.splitlines()), which produces "good morning". Choose based on whether the boundary is unwanted formatting or meaningful separation.
Check how the string was read from a file
Text-file input may already have normalized line endings before your code receives the string. PEP 278 describes universal-newline input support that presents line endings as n to Python code, including when data is read. Whether a carriage return is still present depends on how the file was opened and the text I/O configuration. If the string does not contain the characters you expected from inspecting the file, check the newline setting passed to open() before applying cleanup. Avoid deleting characters blindly when preserving the original line-ending convention matters.
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Why strip() is not a substitute
strip() and rstrip() remove whitespace at the edges of a string; they do not delete newline characters throughout its contents. They also affect whitespace beyond line breaks. Use them when you want to trim the beginning or end, not when you need to remove specific characters from every position.
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