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Use items = [] to create an empty Python list. For a zero-element NumPy array, use np.array([])—and specify dtype when the element type matters. These are different objects, and NumPy’s np.empty(shape) means allocated, uninitialized storage, not an array with zero elements.
How do you create an empty array in Python?
For the built-in Python sequence most people need, assign an empty list:
items = []The variable items now refers to a list with no elements. You can add elements later:
items.append("first")Python calls this type a list, not an array. Lists are flexible sequences that can grow and hold values of different types. See the Python data structures documentation.
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How do you create an empty NumPy array?
If you specifically need a NumPy ndarray with zero elements, create one from an empty sequence:
import numpy as np
empty_vector = np.array([], dtype=float)The dtype=float argument makes the intended element type explicit. Without it, NumPy infers a type from the input; for an empty sequence, that may not be the type your later calculations or interfaces expect. NumPy documents the input and optional dtype in its numpy.array reference.
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Use a list if you want a general-purpose sequence, or an ndarray if the data and operations are numerical and suit NumPy’s array model. The NumPy beginner guide introduces the differences between lists and arrays.
What does np.empty() mean?
np.empty(shape) creates an array with the requested shape but does not initialize its values. For example, np.empty(3) has space for three elements, so it is not a zero-element array. Its numeric values are arbitrary until you assign them; do not read them first.
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buffer = np.empty(3, dtype=int)
buffer[:] = [10, 20, 30]This function is useful when you will fill every element before using the array. Its behavior is documented in the numpy.empty reference.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How do you make a NumPy array filled with zeros?
Use np.zeros(shape, dtype=...) when you need an array whose elements are initialized to zero. For example, this creates a three-element integer array:
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zeros = np.zeros(3, dtype=int)Unlike np.empty(3), this initializes the elements. See the numpy.zeros reference.
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Which empty-array syntax should you use?
| What you need | Use | What it creates |
|---|---|---|
| A flexible, built-in sequence | [] |
An empty Python list |
| A NumPy array with zero elements | np.array([], dtype=float) |
An ndarray with no elements and an explicit floating-point type |
| Allocated NumPy storage you will fill before reading | np.empty(3, dtype=int) |
An ndarray with three uninitialized elements |
| A NumPy array initialized to zero | np.zeros(3, dtype=int) |
An ndarray with three integer elements set to zero |
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