PhpMetrics analyzes PHP source code and turns its metrics into browsable HTML and machine-readable reports. Install it, generate a report, then use its charts to find code worth reviewing—not as a verdict that a project is good or bad.
Generate a PhpMetrics report
The official quick start documents installation through Composer, Docker, Phar, Debian/Ubuntu packages, Homebrew, and PhpArch. For a project-local Composer installation, run:
composer require phpmetrics/phpmetrics --dev
php ./vendor/bin/phpmetrics --report-html=myreport <folder-to-analyze>Replace <folder-to-analyze> with the PHP source directory you want to analyze. When the command finishes, open myreport/index.html in a browser. See the official project homepage and quick start for current installation options and instructions; distribution details can change.
The documentation also describes global Composer installation; with that approach, ensure Composer’s vendor bin directory is on your PATH. Its Docker example mounts the current directory as /project.
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Choose code and report outputs with configuration
PhpMetrics accepts JSON, YAML, or INI configuration. A configuration can select source directories to include, exclude paths, set HTML, CSV, JSON, and violations output locations, and group classes using a regular expression. Plugins, including Git and JUnit analysis, can also be enabled.
The quick-start example shows CI searches configured with failIfFound: true, including a class-complexity threshold of ccn: ">=10". A threshold is a project policy, not a universal quality boundary: tune it to the codebase and check for false positives before making it fail a build. The quick-start documentation provides configuration examples.
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Read the report in context
The report guide describes four main areas: a package metrics table, a bubble visualization, custom charts, and an abstractness/instability view. In the bubble chart, each circle represents a file: its size encodes cyclomatic complexity, while its color encodes Maintainability Index (MI). Hover over a circle for details. The guide characterizes green as appearing correct, yellow as caution, and red as an anomaly; these colors are cues for triage, not proof of a defect. A large red circle may deserve attention, but the code itself needs review.
Start from a specific question rather than trying to reduce the report to one score:
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- Branching-heavy code: inspect cyclomatic complexity (CCN) and the largest bubbles, then review the function’s control flow and tests.
- Possible mixed responsibilities: look at lack of cohesion of methods (LCOM) and examine whether the class’s methods actually serve separate purposes.
- Dependency direction: inspect afferent and efferent coupling alongside instability, then interpret those relationships against the intended architecture.
- Trends, exports, or build checks: use the supported report formats or configure searches and thresholds for CI.
These signals describe different properties; a complex function, a weakly cohesive class, and a dependency concern are not interchangeable diagnoses. The report guide explains the visualizations.
What the metrics can—and cannot—tell you
PhpMetrics reports several families of measures. Their value is in directing attention and making properties easier to inspect; a score alone does not establish readability, design quality, or ease of future changes. The project’s metrics documentation describes the definitions and formulas.
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Cyclomatic complexity (CCN)
CCN describes control-structure complexity in a function or procedure. The documentation explains it through flow-graph edges, nodes, and connected parts, or by counting decision points. A high value can flag branching-heavy code for review, but it does not capture every aspect of clarity or design.
Maintainability Index (MI)
MI is formula-derived and associated with Halstead volume, lines of code, cyclomatic complexity, and comment weight. PhpMetrics uses it for bubble color. Interpret it in light of the formula and the tool’s implementation; it is not a direct measure of developer productivity or a guarantee that a change will be easy.
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An older project interpretation page gives an MI scale of 0–118 and labels below 64 low, 65–84 medium, and above 85 high. That historical guidance leaves 64 and the exact boundary convention unclear, and the current metrics page does not repeat those bands. Treat them, if encountered, as an older rule of thumb—not a universal or current quality standard. See the legacy interpretation page.
Lack of cohesion of methods (LCOM)
LCOM is used to examine how closely a class’s methods relate. The project’s example produces LCOM 2 for a class with two separate attribute-use flows and describes LCOM=1 as ideal in that example. That is the documentation’s explanatory convention; LCOM has variants, so do not treat that example as a universal interpretation without checking the metric definition being used.
Coupling and instability
Afferent coupling (Ca) and efferent coupling (Ce) describe incoming and outgoing dependencies. The documented instability formula is Ce / (Ce + Ca). These measures can help expose dependency direction and possible change sensitivity, but their significance depends on the architecture and the role of the package or class.
Halstead, size, and structure
PhpMetrics lists Halstead vocabulary, length, volume, difficulty, effort, level, bugs, time, and operator/operand counts. These are formula-derived measures: a Halstead “bugs” estimate is not a count of defects found in the source. Other available measures include lines of code, method counts, inheritance depth, and Card/Agresti complexity measures. They describe aspects of size and structure; none is a standalone quality grade.
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A useful report narrows the search space. Select a conspicuous file or class, inspect the underlying code, and ask whether its complexity, cohesion, or dependencies create a real maintenance risk in that project. Confirm concerns against behavior, tests, and architectural intent before changing code or setting a CI gate. PhpMetrics visualizes and reports metrics; interpretation and engineering judgment remain necessary.
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