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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteThe Presentation Level Protocol in this context is the Videotex/Teletext Presentation Level Protocol Syntax, or North American PLPS (NAPLPS). It is a historical encoding standard for representing text, pictures and display-control information in videotex and teletext services—not a modern web protocol. FIPS 121 defines its role and boundaries.
What does Presentation Level Protocol mean?
FIPS 121 gives the standard’s full title as Videotex/Teletext Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (North American PLPS). It defines formats, rules and procedures for encoding alphanumeric text and pictorial information for videotex and teletext. In short, it describes how visual information is represented so compatible systems can exchange and display it.
The standard defines a syntax for use by OSI presentation-layer protocols; it does not itself define the OSI presentation-layer protocol. FIPS 121 defines “protocol” as “a set of formats, rules, and procedures governing the exchange of information between peer processes at the same layer.”
What did the presentation layer do?
In the seven-layer OSI model, the presentation layer is layer six. FIPS 121 applies that layer chiefly to encoding text, graphics and display-control information. NAPLPS therefore concerns the representation of information, rather than the full set of network functions needed to deliver it.
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The distinction is between syntax—how text and pictures are coded—and the service—what a user can do with a videotex or teletext system. NAPLPS also specifies some application semantics for those services, but the end-user service itself belongs to application-layer protocols, as described in RFC 965.
How was NAPLPS used?
RFC 965 describes two service patterns supported by the syntax and semantics:
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- One-way teletext: information is disseminated to users without the two-way interaction described for videotex.
- Two-way videotex: a user accesses a database or uses transaction services, interacting with an information provider or service operator.
These are service models, not different definitions of the presentation syntax. NAPLPS addressed how information was represented within such applications; it did not, by itself, determine what content or transactions a service offered.
What standards and implementations used it?
FIPS 121 identifies itself as the first edition and notes that the standard was jointly designated ANSI X3.110-1983 and CSA T500-1983. Its purpose was to provide an information-interchange format for service providers and equipment manufacturers.
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A Canadian implementation example appears in the Government of Canada’s BS-14 Television Broadcast Videotex. It describes broadcast videotex presentation coding based on the Canadian Standards Association scheme and alpha-geometric coding. BS-14 gives a default display format of 20 rows by 40 alphanumeric characters within the television safe-title area, while allowing other formats. That figure is an example from this Canadian specification, not a universal NAPLPS screen limit.
For Canadian Telidon history, the Government of Canada catalogue also records a February 1982 publication on Telidon videotex presentation-level protocol augmented picture description instructions: Telidon protocol publication catalogue record.
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Is NAPLPS a modern web presentation protocol?
No. The name refers to a historical syntax developed for videotex and teletext information services. It should not be confused with contemporary web technologies or with a general-purpose protocol for presenting content in modern applications.
Historical alternatives included Europe’s CEPT videotex and Japan’s Captain system. The available historical references support only a high-level comparison: such systems can be considered in terms of encoding approach, service model (broadcast or interactive) and regional standards ecosystem. They do not establish enough technical detail for a feature-by-feature comparison.
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