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If a UPI payment failed or is still pending after your bank debited the money, first check the transaction status and reference number in your UPI app—do not pay again until you know whether the original payment went through. For a failed debit, NPCI advises contacting your bank if the refund has not arrived within one hour. A pending transfer and a refund for a completed purchase follow different guidance, so identify which situation you have before escalating.

Check the transaction before trying again

  1. Open your UPI app’s transaction history and select the payment. Note whether it says failed, pending, or successful. Use the app’s refresh or status-check option if available; button names differ by app.
  2. Record the date and time, amount, UPI transaction reference or RRN, payer and recipient or merchant details, and whether the payer’s bank account was debited. Save a screenshot or relevant bank-statement entry.
  3. For a merchant purchase, check the order or payment status with the merchant as well as the bank debit. For a person-to-person transfer, verify with the intended recipient through a trusted channel.

NPCI says eligible debit complaints can be raised after five minutes and their status checked in transaction history; the exact controls depend on the app. See NPCI’s UPI Help guidelines.

What failed, pending, and successful mean for your next step

Failed, with money debited

NPCI’s UPI FAQ says a failed transaction should be refunded. If the debit has not reversed within one hour, contact customer support at the bank that holds the debited account. This one-hour advice is NPCI operational guidance; it is not the same as the RBI’s outer limits for particular covered failed-transaction categories.

Pending, with money debited but no beneficiary credit

NPCI says a pending transfer may be delayed at the beneficiary bank and may reach the recipient within 48 hours. That is guidance for a pending transfer, not a reason to send a duplicate payment while the first one’s outcome is unknown. Check the transaction again and contact your bank if the status or debit remains unresolved.

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Successful, but the recipient or merchant says it was not received

Do not assume a displayed success is a failed transaction or that a reversal is due. Share the transaction reference with the recipient or merchant and ask your bank to trace the payment. If you suspect fraud, an unidentified transaction, or an unauthorized debit, report it promptly to your bank using a verified contact channel.

Completed purchase, but merchant refund has not arrived

A later refund or return after a completed purchase is different from a failed merchant payment where the merchant never received transaction confirmation. The RBI T+5 rule described below is for the latter case; it does not establish a universal deadline for every merchant refund. Ask the merchant for the refund status and reference, then contact your bank if the credit remains missing.

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RBI reversal deadlines and compensation for covered failed transactions

The Reserve Bank of India’s September 20, 2019 circular sets outer limits for the specific failed-transaction cases below. RBI defines T as the transaction’s calendar date. These are not predictions of when an app will update, and they should not be applied automatically to a successful purchase followed by a separate refund process.

Covered case Required reversal Compensation for delay
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Merchant payment: payer debited, but transaction confirmation is not received at the merchant location Auto-reversal within T+5 days ₹100 per day beyond T+5

These periods and amounts are from the RBI failed-transaction TAT and compensation circular. The circular says applicable compensation is to be credited proactively, without waiting for a customer claim. Ask your bank to confirm whether your transaction fits one of these categories; the rule is not a guarantee of compensation for every delayed credit, successful transaction, disputed transaction, or merchant refund.

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Where to complain, in order

1. Raise the issue in the UPI app

Open the transaction and use its “report issue,” grievance, or complaint option. NPCI says users can raise a UPI complaint through a participating bank’s UPI app and check complaint status from transaction history. Keep the complaint reference if the app provides one.

2. Contact the bank that holds the debited account

Contact that bank if the reversal is missing, the app cannot resolve the issue, or the payment remains pending. Ask the bank to trace the UPI reference and tell you which bank or payment participant must act. Keep the bank complaint number and its response. NPCI directs users to their bank’s customer support when a failed debit has not reversed within an hour.

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3. Use NPCI’s complaint portal to check or route the issue

The NPCI complaint portal can check a transaction in NPCI’s records and route a complaint to the relevant member institution. That member is responsible for resolving it, so retain the NPCI reference and follow up with the member. NPCI says fraudulent, unidentified, or unauthorized transactions should be reported to the user’s bank.

4. Consider the RBI Integrated Ombudsman route if eligible

First complain to the RBI-regulated entity involved. Under the RBI’s Integrated Ombudsman Scheme FAQs, escalation is available if the entity does not respond within 30 days, rejects the complaint wholly or partly, or you are dissatisfied with its response or resolution, subject to scheme coverage. The online route is the RBI Complaint Management System (CMS); check the current filing instructions and eligibility. The scheme’s governing RBI notification describes its terms.

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What to include in your complaint

  • Transaction date and time, amount, and UPI reference or RRN.
  • UPI app and bank names, the status shown in transaction history, and proof of the debit.
  • Beneficiary or merchant details, plus the merchant’s order or refund reference if relevant.
  • The specific remedy requested, such as tracing the transfer or reversing a failed debit.
  • Previous app, bank, NPCI, or merchant complaint references and any replies.

Never share your UPI PIN or a one-time authentication code with anyone claiming to arrange a refund. If the payment may be fraudulent or unauthorized, contact your bank promptly through a verified channel and follow its security instructions.

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