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In MLB, challenge the call when the play is eligible, there is a credible reason to expect a correction, and the change could matter to the inning or game. First identify which system applies: a manager challenges certain plays through traditional replay, while a batter, pitcher, or catcher challenges a called ball or strike through MLB’s ABS system, in use beginning in 2026. There is no official numeric leverage threshold for either decision.
First identify the kind of challenge
“Challenge” can mean two separate MLB procedures. Traditional replay is a manager’s route to review certain calls during a play. ABS is a player’s route to contest a plate umpire’s ball-or-strike call. The eligibility, decision-maker, and challenge supply differ, so the procedures should not be mixed up.
| Factor | Traditional replay | ABS ball/strike |
|---|---|---|
| Who initiates | Manager; a crew chief can initiate specified reviews | Batter, pitcher, or catcher—not the manager |
| What can be challenged | Listed reviewable calls, including certain tag and force plays, boundary calls, catches, and baserunning decisions | A called ball or strike |
| Timing | Manager signals immediately after the play; after the umpire starts the timer, the manager has 15 seconds to decide and must identify the call | Player challenges immediately after the call; MLB describes a brief window of roughly two seconds |
| Starting supply | One manager challenge in an ordinary game; two in an All-Star or postseason game, according to MLB’s manager-challenge rules | Two per club at game start under MLB’s 2026 system |
| When a challenge is retained | If at least one challenged call is overturned | If the challenged call is overturned |
| How the call is evaluated | Video review; changing the call requires clear and convincing evidence | Tracked pitch location is compared with the batter’s defined ABS zone |
See MLB’s manager challenge rules, replay review rules, and 2026 ABS explainer for the applicable procedures.
When a manager should challenge a replayable play
A manager should consider a challenge when the call is eligible, the available view gives a credible basis to expect a reversal, and the ruling affects a meaningful part of the game state—such as an out, a run, or a runner’s base. A disagreement alone is not enough: replay covers only listed calls, and the video must meet the review standard to change the ruling.
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Check eligibility and timing
MLB’s reviewable categories include potential home runs and specified boundary decisions; some fair-or-foul calls; force and tag plays; outfield catch-or-drop decisions; and certain baserunning questions, such as whether a runner touched a base or scored before a third out. This is not a general appeal for any call an umpire makes. Signal immediately if challenging, then identify the specific call within the 15-second timer.
Weigh the result, not just the close call
Ask what changes if the call is overturned. A call that ends an inning with runners aboard may be more consequential than a similar ruling with the bases empty. Consider the resulting outs, bases, runs, and inning—not just whether the play looked close.
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Remember crew-chief review
A crew chief may review a potential home run call at any time. Beginning in the eighth inning, the crew chief may also review any reviewable call on the chief’s own initiative or at a manager’s request when that manager has no challenges remaining. This is a separate route to review, not an extra manager challenge.
When a player should challenge an ABS ball-or-strike call
Under MLB’s ABS system beginning in the 2026 season, only the batter, pitcher, or catcher may challenge the plate umpire’s ball-or-strike call. The player must request it immediately, typically by tapping the cap or helmet; vocalizing the request is encouraged. A challenge cannot be delayed for a dugout consultation or assisted by other players.
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Because an overturned call preserves the challenge and a confirmed call costs it, the decision should balance the player’s confidence against the count, the plate-appearance stakes, and the team’s remaining challenges. A borderline call can be worth challenging when it changes a consequential count; a low-impact call is a reason to demand greater confidence, not an automatic reason to challenge or to hold back.
MLB’s September 23, 2025 announcement described the ABS zone as a two-dimensional rectangle centered on home plate, 17 inches wide, with its top and bottom adjusted to batter height: 53.5% of height at the top and 27% at the bottom. MLB described 12 Hawk-Eye cameras and a challenge-result graphic. Since these are system mechanics that may evolve, consult MLB’s current-season materials before relying on the exact specifications in a later season. MLB’s September 2025 announcement sets out the original details.
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A practical decision checklist
- Identify the system. Is this a listed replay-review call for the manager, or a called ball or strike eligible for ABS? Confirm the authorized decision-maker.
- Act within the window. For replay, signal immediately and decide within the umpire’s 15-second timer. For ABS, the eligible player must challenge immediately; there is no time to seek help from the dugout.
- Estimate the chance of correction. For replay, judge whether the available view could provide clear and convincing evidence. For ABS, the question is whether the tracked pitch was inside or outside the defined zone. A close call is not by itself proof of a likely reversal.
- Measure the consequence. Consider what changes in the count, outs, bases, score, or plate appearance if the call is corrected.
- Account for the remaining supply. A failed challenge can remove a future option; a successful one is retained under the respective rules. ABS teams that enter an extra inning with no challenges receive one for that inning. Do not apply ABS allotments to manager replay challenges or vice versa.
- Set the confidence bar to the situation. MLB cautions against wasting ABS challenges in low-leverage spots. Atlanta manager Walt Weiss told the Associated Press, “the lower the leverage, the more certainty you have to have.” That is a strategic rule of thumb, not an official formula.
What the available numbers do—and do not—show
Recent figures can illustrate how the systems differ, but they are not a reliable prediction for an individual challenge. MLB’s 2026 ABS explainer reported that in 288 Spring Training games using ABS in 2025, there were 4.1 challenges per game and challenges took an average of 13.8 seconds; MLB estimated they added about 57 seconds to the average game. Those are test-period figures, not regular-season results.
An Associated Press report on the 2026 season said teams had made 10,557 ABS challenges, or 4.35 per game, with 5,686 calls overturned. It reported success rates of 59% for catchers, 49% for batters, and 40% for pitchers. These are in-season figures with different numbers of attempts by role; they should not be treated as universal odds for a player or a particular pitch.
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The same AP report counted 1,294 traditional team replay challenges and a 52.9% success rate, compared with 54.8% in 2025, 53.7% in 2024, and 48.5% in 2023. Those replay results are separate from ABS statistics. MLB does not publish a universal run-value or win-probability cutoff for challenging, and these aggregate rates do not supply one.
Sources: MLB’s ABS explainer and the Associated Press 2026 season report.
Quick Recap
Where to check current rules and results
- MLB manager challenge for the manager’s procedure and allotment.
- MLB replay review for eligible calls and crew-chief review.
- MLB ABS explainer and MLB’s 2025 ABS announcement for the 2026 player challenge system.
- MLB Baseball Savant ABS Challenge Dashboard and Instant Replay Database for challenge and replay information.
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