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Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Jaguar led the November 2009 TOP500 ranking at 1.759 petaflops of measured Linpack performance. A year later, China’s Tianhe-1A took first place with 2.566 petaflops. Both results were far below 100 petaflops: that figure was a forward-looking hook, not a milestone either system reached.
What was the world’s fastest supercomputer in 2009?
In the November 2009 TOP500 list, Jaguar, a Cray XT5-HE system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States, ranked first. Its reported Rmax was 1,759 TFlop/s, or 1.759 petaflops, while its listed Rpeak was 2,331 TFlop/s. Rmax is the benchmark result; Rpeak is the system’s listed peak capability, so the two figures describe different things. TOP500’s November 2009 list records Jaguar’s ranking and values.
Oak Ridge said Jaguar’s Cray XT5 component had been upgraded from four-core to six-core processors that fall. On November 16, 2009, the lab reported that it ran High-Performance Linpack (HPL) at 1.759 petaflops. Oak Ridge’s report identifies HPL as the benchmark behind the result.
How did Tianhe-1 compare with Jaguar in 2009?
China’s Tianhe-1 ranked fifth in the same November 2009 list. Its Rmax was 563.10 TFlop/s and its Rpeak was 1,206.19 TFlop/s—both below Jaguar’s corresponding figures. The TOP500 newsletter described Tianhe-1 as using Intel Xeon CPUs and AMD GPUs as accelerators; that description applies to the 2009 system and should not be assumed to describe every later configuration. The 2009 TOP500 list provides its rank and performance figures.
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| November 2009 ranking | System and location | Rmax benchmark result | Rpeak listed capability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jaguar, Cray XT5-HE; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States | 1,759 TFlop/s (1.759 petaflops) | 2,331 TFlop/s |
| 5 | Tianhe-1; China | 563.10 TFlop/s | 1,206.19 TFlop/s |
When did China overtake Cray in the rankings?
In November 2010, Tianhe-1A took the top position and Jaguar fell to second. TOP500 reported Tianhe-1A at 2,566 TFlop/s Rmax (2.566 petaflops) and 4,701 TFlop/s Rpeak. Jaguar’s corresponding figures were 1,759 TFlop/s Rmax (1.759 petaflops) and 2,331 TFlop/s Rpeak. The November 2010 TOP500 list records the results; TOP500’s November 11, 2010 announcement explicitly describes Tianhe-1A’s takeover of the lead from Jaguar and identifies its site as the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin.
| November 2010 ranking | System and location | Rmax benchmark result | Rpeak listed capability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tianhe-1A; National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, China | 2,566 TFlop/s (2.566 petaflops) | 4,701 TFlop/s |
| 2 | Jaguar, Cray XT5-HE; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States | 1,759 TFlop/s (1.759 petaflops) | 2,331 TFlop/s |
The lists document a change in the top-ranked system from one year to the next. They establish successive leadership by Jaguar and Tianhe-1A, not a formal bilateral contest or the private motives and plans of their builders.
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How fast is a petaflop?
A petaflop per second is one quadrillion floating-point calculations per second. TOP500’s 2009 newsletter explains that one petaflop/s refers to one quadrillion calculations per second. A system’s Rmax is its reported result on the High-Performance Linpack benchmark; it is not a claim that every application will run at that speed. Rpeak, by contrast, is the listed peak capability rather than the achieved benchmark result.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Did either supercomputer reach 100 petaflops?
No. The highest Rmax among the compared systems in these rankings was Tianhe-1A’s 2.566 petaflops in November 2010. That is about 2.6% of 100 petaflops. The title’s 100-petaflops wording is therefore a forward-looking framing, not a description of Jaguar’s or Tianhe-1A’s measured performance.
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