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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchA Python source distribution (.tar.gz) is a source-oriented archive with the files a build backend needs to build a package; a wheel (.whl) is a built archive containing files arranged for installation. Neither format guarantees a universal list of optional files: to know exactly what a particular release includes, inspect its artifacts.
At a glance: what each archive is for
| Artifact | Purpose | What its contents center on |
|---|---|---|
| Source distribution (sdist) | Provides source and build inputs from which a backend can produce an installable distribution. | A project directory with required packaging metadata, plus project- or backend-selected files. |
| Wheel | Provides a built distribution that an installer can unpack into the Python installation scheme. | Installable files, wheel metadata, and, if needed, files grouped for other installation locations. |
These are different jobs, not two guaranteed snapshots of the same file list. PyPA’s package-format overview describes the distinction and the consequences for installation.
What a source distribution includes
The current standardized sdist format is a gzip-compressed tar archive. It has one top-level directory named for the distribution and version, containing pyproject.toml and PKG-INFO. The metadata must conform to at least metadata version 2.2. If the metadata version is 2.4 or later, the archive must also contain license files named by License-File, at the declared relative paths. These requirements come from the PyPA source distribution specification.
Beyond those requirements, the specification does not define a universal inventory of files. Build systems can include the additional material their projects need. An sdist commonly contains source code and may also include tests, documentation, generated files, or backend-specific build inputs; none of those optional categories is guaranteed for every project. PyPA’s packaging flow guide explains that sdists carry source needed for installation from source and may include tests or documentation.
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What a wheel includes
A wheel is a ZIP-format built distribution. Its root contains files intended for the Python installation scheme’s purelib or platlib locations, commonly site-packages, and a {distribution}-{version}.dist-info/ directory. Under the PyPA binary distribution specification, that metadata directory contains at least:
METADATA: distribution metadata.WHEEL: wheel-specific metadata, including compatibility information.RECORD: a record of archive files and their hashes.
License files go in .dist-info/licenses/ under the current specification. When a wheel also contains files destined for locations outside the default library directories, those files are grouped in a {distribution}-{version}.data/ directory by installation-scheme key. Keys can include scripts, headers, or data; the directory is present only when needed.
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A wheel is not the whole development checkout. The specification says wheels do not generally include .pyc files and do not contain setup.py or setup.cfg. A project README might be included as text in metadata without being installed as a separate file; whether it appears as a standalone file depends on the backend and project configuration. PyPA discusses README metadata in its PyPI-friendly README guide.
Does a wheel include source code?
It can. A wheel may contain Python source files, but its defining purpose is to carry files ready for installation, not to preserve every source or development file used to build the project. For a package with compiled extensions, the wheel contains built executable code for its target rather than the C, C++, or Rust source used to create that code. The source may be available in the sdist, but the format alone does not guarantee that every development input is there.
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Pure-Python packages
A pure-Python wheel often uses a generic compatibility tag and can work across a wider range of systems, because it does not depend on a platform-specific compiled extension.
Packages with compiled extensions
Binary wheels carry compatibility tags that reflect relevant interpreter, operating-system, and CPU architecture constraints. A project may need separate wheels for the compatibility combinations it supports; a wheel for one target is not automatically suitable for all others.
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Why pip may download an sdist
When pip finds a compatible wheel, it can install that built distribution without compiling the project during installation. If no suitable wheel is available, pip can download the sdist, build a wheel locally, and install the resulting wheel. This path matters especially for packages with compiled extensions, because local building can require a compatible compiler and other build dependencies. PyPA describes package installation in its installing packages guide.
For publishers, PyPA recommends providing an sdist and one or more wheels. A pure-Python project often needs one generic wheel, whereas a project with binary extensions may need wheels for each supported compatibility combination.
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How to inspect the exact files in a release
The archive format tells you the required structure, not the complete optional inventory. Download the exact release artifact and inspect it directly:
- For an sdist: list or extract the
.tar.gzwith a standard tar utility. Check the top-level project directory,pyproject.toml,PKG-INFO, source files, and any project-specific extras such as tests or docs. - For a wheel: list the ZIP archive with a ZIP utility. Check the installable files,
.dist-info, any.datadirectory, and the wheel filename andWHEELmetadata for compatibility tags. - When building artifacts: PyPA recommends using
build, which invokes the backend configured inpyproject.toml, rather than runningpython setup.py sdistorpython setup.py bdist_wheel. See PyPA’s tool recommendations.
For a useful side-by-side check of one release, compare source and build inputs, tests and documentation, compiled binaries and their supported platforms, metadata and license placement, and whether installation needs a local build.
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