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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteTo secure a newly deployed Linux server, first ensure you can recover access, then install security updates, use a non-root administrative account, restrict inbound traffic, and validate SSH changes before applying them. These steps are a baseline—not a substitute for controls matched to the server’s workload and threat model. The command paths and defaults below are identified as Ubuntu-specific where they are not universal.
1. Set up a recovery route before changing remote access
If SSH is your normal way into the server, confirm you have another way to recover it before altering SSH settings. A provider console or a tested out-of-band management route can help if a configuration error prevents SSH access. Ubuntu warns that SSH mistakes can lock administrators out or stop the daemon from starting; it does not require a particular recovery product. Ubuntu’s OpenSSH guidance explains the risk.
2. Patch the server and choose an update policy
Install available security updates promptly, then decide who or what will apply future updates and how you will monitor them. Regular patching reduces exposure to known vulnerabilities, but an update policy also needs to account for the application’s maintenance requirements.
Ubuntu commands and automatic updates
On Ubuntu, the documented manual update command is sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade. Ubuntu also provides unattended-upgrades for automatic updates. Its current documentation says the package runs daily by default and records logs under /var/log/unattended-upgrades. Relevant configuration files are /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades and /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades. These paths and defaults are Ubuntu-specific; check the documentation for your distribution and release before applying them. Ubuntu’s automatic-updates guide describes the settings and behavior.
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Balance automation with service availability
Automatic updates can restart affected services, and some updates may require a system reboot. Ubuntu documents that, beginning with Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, needrestart restarts affected services automatically by default; confirm behavior on the target release and configuration. Workloads with manual update steps may need a different policy. Compare the security benefit of prompt updates with the impact of restarts or reboots, and make sure failures are monitored. Ubuntu’s security-updates documentation describes its update coverage and default timing; those details are not guarantees for every Linux system.
3. Use a non-root account and limit privileges
Use an ordinary account for routine work and elevate privileges only when administration requires it. Give each account only the access needed for its role; keep administrative privileges limited to trusted operators. Ubuntu’s security suggestions recommend least privilege and reserving root use for administrative tasks. Account creation, sudo policy, and any SSH group restrictions should follow the distribution’s account-management documentation and your organization’s access policy.
4. Allow only the network traffic the server needs
Choose inbound rules based on the server’s actual services and its management route. There is no universal port list: a web server, database, and private application host have different exposure requirements. Deny traffic the workload does not need, and review rules when the server’s role changes.
Ubuntu documents UFW as its uncomplicated firewall wrapper and recommends using a firewall. Other distributions and hosting environments may use different host-level tools. If your provider also offers a network firewall, coordinate its rules with the host firewall; either layer can otherwise leave an unintended path open. Ubuntu’s security suggestions cover its general firewall recommendation.
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5. Harden SSH without locking yourself out
Choose SSH authentication and account restrictions to fit your operator model rather than copying a configuration intended for another server. OpenSSH supports multiple authentication methods, and additional two-factor authentication is possible; the right choice depends on how administrators connect and how access is managed.
Check Ubuntu’s configuration files and precedence
Ubuntu documents /etc/ssh/sshd_config and /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ as SSH daemon configuration locations. Included drop-in files can affect the effective configuration: for most directives, OpenSSH uses the first value set. Check the active files and their ordering rather than assuming a setting added to the main file will override an earlier value. Ubuntu’s OpenSSH server documentation explains the locations and precedence.
Validate before restarting
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Keep a working SSH session open and confirm the recovery route you established is available.
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Make the intended SSH change using the configuration location and syntax appropriate to your system.
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On Ubuntu, run
sudo sshd -tto test the configuration before restarting the daemon. -
Restart or reload SSH only after validation, then test a new connection and the intended authentication path before closing the working session.
Ubuntu specifically warns that configuration errors can prevent sshd from starting or cause lockout. The command and file paths above are Ubuntu examples; verify the service name and procedures for your distribution.
6. Add controls that fit the workload and recovery plan
A baseline does not cover every threat or compliance need. Ubuntu’s security guidance identifies additional controls and topics, including:
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AppArmor: can restrict software permissions and access; assess compatibility with the applications you run.
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Console security: consider who can access local or provider console paths, especially when they can bypass normal SSH controls.
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TPM-backed LUKS decryption: may suit systems with compatible hardware and an appropriate recovery process; consider what happens when hardware or boot conditions change.
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Ubuntu-specific services: Ubuntu’s overview also discusses Ubuntu Pro/ESM and Livepatch. These are not generic Linux requirements; check current release eligibility and service terms before relying on them.
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Choose additional measures by considering the threat model, workload compatibility, operational burden, recovery implications, and applicable policy. Ubuntu’s security topic index links to distribution-specific guidance.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What to verify after the baseline
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Confirm the server is receiving security updates under a documented manual or automatic process.
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Review accounts and administrative access against least-privilege requirements.
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Check that host and provider firewall rules expose only services required by the workload.
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Test SSH configuration and confirm a working recovery route before ending the current session.
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Revisit the threat model when the server’s role, access path, or operational requirements change.
Ubuntu describes security as a consideration throughout installation, deployment, and use, and notes that posture depends on how a system will be used. Its support periods and service options are Ubuntu-specific and can depend on release, repository, package, and service terms. Ubuntu’s security overview provides further context.
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