Apply SOLID in React as a set of design questions, not a mandate to recreate class-heavy object-oriented architecture. Give components clear UI roles, keep rendering pure, and add boundaries only when they improve understanding, reuse, or dependency isolation. React does not prescribe a component size or a SOLID-specific architecture.
Start with React’s design constraints
React describes interfaces as small, composable, nestable components. Its guidance is to identify components as you describe the UI—not to hit a target number of components or lines of code. Function components are the recommended choice for new work; classes remain supported but are not recommended for new components.
React also expects components and Hooks to be pure and idempotent: given the same inputs, they should produce the same output. Treat props and state as immutable snapshots, and keep side effects out of render. React’s documentation puts it plainly: “React assumes that every component you write is a pure function.” Keeping Components Pure explains the rendering model; Components and Hooks must be pure covers the related rules and local reasoning.
React controls when components and Hooks run. Render components in JSX rather than calling their functions as ordinary functions, and follow the Rules of Hooks. These are React requirements; the SOLID guidance below is an application of broader design ideas to React’s documented idioms, not an official React mapping.
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Translate each SOLID principle into a React question
Single responsibility: does this unit have a clear UI purpose?
A form can own field interaction and validation in one component when those concerns change together and the code remains easy to understand. Extract a child when it represents a distinct piece of UI, is reused, or has an independent reason to change. Do not turn each element or event handler into its own component just to shorten a file.
Open/closed: are real variations recurring?
For known variations, ordinary composition and explicit props are often enough. Add a slot, render prop, or strategy when variants actually recur and the new boundary makes adding them clearer. A mechanism for hypothetical future flexibility can make a component harder to follow today.
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Liskov substitution: can consumers rely on a predictable contract?
React UI variations are often clearer as explicit props or interchangeable children than as subclass substitution. Keep a shared component’s contract predictable: consumers should not need to know hidden special cases to use a variant safely.
Interface segregation: do the props match the component’s role?
Props should correspond to what a component actually uses. If it accepts many unrelated options, check whether it combines separate roles or whether a smaller child or slot would clarify its use. Do not create extra types and wrappers mechanically for every cluster of props.
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Dependency inversion: is there a dependency worth isolating?
Put a real external dependency behind a small seam when callers need to swap it, isolate it, or test meaningful behavior independently. A simple component does not need a service container or interface layer merely to look architected. Keep external synchronization out of render; React does not require dependency injection.
Use a product filter to choose the right boundary
Consider a product listing with category and price filters. A feature component can own the connection between selected filters and displayed results. The question is not whether every piece can be extracted, but whether a boundary makes a real responsibility easier to understand or reuse.
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The following illustrative example keeps filter state and derived results together. It does not fetch data or perform side effects during render:
function ProductList({ products }) {
const [category, setCategory] = useState("all");
const [maxPrice, setMaxPrice] = useState(100);
const visibleProducts = products.filter((product) =>
(category === "all" || product.category === category) &&
product.price <= maxPrice
);
return (
<section>
<FilterPanel
category={category}
maxPrice={maxPrice}
onCategoryChange={setCategory}
onMaxPriceChange={setMaxPrice}
/>
<ProductResults products={visibleProducts} />
</section>
);
}Here, FilterPanel is useful if it is a distinct piece of UI or appears in more than one place; ProductResults makes sense if results have their own presentation or change path. If both are tiny, single-use details and the parent is still clear, keeping them together is reasonable. A useProductFilters custom Hook becomes useful when state transitions and filtering logic are substantial enough to understand separately or need reuse. Call Hooks only at the top level of function components or custom Hooks.
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If products come from an API, keep that access in an appropriate data layer or pass in a small function when that dependency is a genuine variation or boundary. Do not add a service abstraction solely because the feature might someday use another API.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Check whether an abstraction earns its cost
React identifies local reasoning as a benefit of purity: a reader should be able to understand a component or Hook by looking at its code in isolation. Use these questions before extracting a component, Hook, interface, or service:
- Does the candidate have a distinct UI purpose or an independent reason to change?
- Will extraction make its behavior easier to understand in isolation?
- Is there actual reuse or a known variation, rather than only hypothetical flexibility?
- Is a dependency genuinely expected to change or need isolation?
- Does the boundary reduce coupling or complexity more than it adds indirection, props, files, and navigation?
Compare a direct component, extracted component, custom Hook, and dependency seam by responsibility clarity, local reasoning, actual reuse or variation, dependency volatility, meaningful test isolation, and the reading cost of extra layers. There is no universally correct component count or official React threshold.
Keep render predictable
Use render to express UI from current props and state. Do not mutate inputs or perform side effects during rendering; make changes in event handlers, and use Effects when synchronizing with something outside React requires them. If a value can be calculated from current props or state, calculate it during render rather than using an Effect to copy it into separate state. This keeps the data flow easier to follow and avoids an unnecessary synchronization step.
For the underlying React guidance, see Rules of React, React calls Components and Hooks, and Describing the UI.
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