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If Android USB debugging is not working, first check what ADB reports: a missing device points to the cable, phone settings, or computer setup; unauthorized means the phone has not approved this computer; and a device that appears in ADB but not Android Studio calls for Studio-specific troubleshooting. Follow the matching steps below rather than resetting settings at random.
Start with the symptom
| What you see | Likely next step |
|---|---|
The phone is absent from adb devices |
Check USB debugging, the cable, and your computer’s driver or permissions. |
ADB lists the phone as unauthorized |
Unlock the phone and approve the RSA prompt, or revoke and renew the authorization. |
ADB lists the phone as device, but Android Studio does not connect |
Use Android Studio’s Connection Assistant and restart the ADB server. |
Android’s ADB documentation explains how to check the device list and authorize a computer.
Enable USB debugging on the phone
USB debugging must be on in Developer options. The menu location varies by Android release and manufacturer; on Android 9 and later, the documented path is typically Settings > System > Advanced > Developer options. Search Settings for “Developer options” or “USB debugging” if that path does not match your phone. See Android’s developer options guide for version-specific locations.
If Developer options are hidden
Open Settings > About phone and tap Build number seven times, then return to Settings. Some phones ask for the device PIN or password. The exact labels can differ by manufacturer; Android’s device connection codelab describes the general process.
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Resolve an “unauthorized” device
Connect the phone and unlock its screen. When Android asks whether to allow USB debugging from this computer, approve the prompt. For Android 4.2.2 (API level 17) and later, ADB uses an RSA authorization dialog; commands remain blocked until the phone is unlocked and the user acknowledges it. Android Developers notes that this protects the device by ensuring debugging commands cannot run without that approval.
Renew a stale authorization
- On the phone, open Developer options and choose Revoke USB debugging authorizations.
- Disconnect the USB cable, then reconnect it.
- Unlock the phone and accept the new USB debugging prompt for this computer.
Android’s connection codelab recommends revoking authorizations and reconnecting when a device is reported as unauthorized.
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Check whether ADB sees the phone
Open a terminal or command prompt in the Android SDK platform-tools directory and run:
adb devices
A connected, approved phone should appear with the status device. If there is no entry, continue with the cable and computer checks below. If the status is unauthorized, return to the authorization steps.
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Use Android Studio’s connection troubleshooting
In Android Studio, open Tools > Troubleshoot Device Connections. The Connection Assistant can guide you through the USB connection, checking USB debugging, rescanning, and restarting the ADB server. If ADB already lists the phone as device but Studio does not, use the assistant’s Restart ADB server control to make Studio rescan connected devices. Android’s hardware-device troubleshooting guide also recommends checking whether Android Studio can connect to an emulator and keeping SDK Platform Tools current.
Rule out the cable or phone
Try a second USB data cable, then check whether another Android device is detected using the same computer and cable. Changing cables or devices helps isolate whether the issue is on the original phone side or in the connection path. A cable test is diagnostic, not proof that the existing cable is faulty; replacing a cable will not fix an authorization or driver problem.
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Android’s device connection guide recommends testing another cable and, if necessary, another Android device. If these checks and the device setup steps do not resolve the problem, Android directs users to the phone manufacturer’s support.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Check the computer’s operating-system requirements
| Computer operating system | What to check |
|---|---|
| Windows | An ADB USB driver may be needed. Google devices use Google’s USB Driver; other brands’ devices require the manufacturer’s driver. |
| macOS | Android’s setup guide says no additional driver configuration is required. |
| ChromeOS | Android’s setup guide says no additional driver configuration is required. |
| Ubuntu Linux | You may need membership in the plugdev group and suitable udev rules. The guide points to android-sdk-platform-tools-common for community-maintained default rules. |
These requirements come from Android’s hardware-device setup guide. On Windows, do not install Google’s driver for every phone: it is intended for Google devices. For other brands, use the phone manufacturer’s official support or driver page; see Google’s Google USB Driver page for its scope.
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Try wireless debugging if USB remains unavailable
For phones running Android 11 (API level 30) or later, Android supports pairing a workstation and phone over Wi-Fi. They must be on the same Wi-Fi network, and the workflow uses current SDK Platform Tools. This can bypass a USB cable or driver issue, but it does not fix the underlying USB connection.
Android 10 and earlier use a different documented wireless workflow that begins with an initial USB connection. Follow the steps for your Android version in the ADB Wi-Fi connection guide. The version guidance here is for phones; TV and Wear OS devices have different requirements.
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