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An architecture decision record (ADR) should make visible the important premises the decision depends on: what the team believes about requirements, constraints, dependencies, quality attributes, stakeholders, the operating environment, or future conditions. Record a premise when it affects the choice or when a future reader might mistake it for a proven fact. Then connect it to the decision, rationale, trade-offs, and any condition that should trigger a review.
There is no universally required “Assumptions” heading. AWS identifies context, decision, and consequences as the minimum core of an ADR; other templates add fields such as status, date, stakeholders, or supporting links. A separate assumptions section is useful when it makes material uncertainty easier to find.
What to record as an assumption
Capture an operating premise that meaningfully shapes the decision, rather than every background detail. Examples include an expected workload, a dependency’s availability, a security or compliance requirement, a platform constraint, or a belief about how the system will be used. The key test is whether a different answer could change the selected option or its consequences.
Make clear what is established and what remains uncertain. A known requirement, an estimate, and an unverified belief should not read as though they have equal evidential weight. For each important assumption, include enough detail for a later reader to understand its basis and implications:
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- Premise: State what is believed or expected.
- Basis: Identify the source, evidence, or reason for the belief, if known.
- Decision effect: Explain briefly how it favors or constrains the chosen option.
- Uncertainty: Where useful, state confidence or what remains unresolved.
- Validation and review: Name who can verify it, or what material change should prompt reconsideration.
This is a practical way to make the decision traceable, not a field list mandated by every ADR template.
Connect assumptions to the decision and its trade-offs
An assumption is most useful when readers can see what it did in the reasoning. For example, rather than listing “the service must scale,” record the relevant expected demand and explain how that expectation affected the choice. Avoid turning the ADR into a full design document: summarize the reasoning and link to deeper analysis where needed.
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For consequential choices, identify serious alternatives and their material advantages and disadvantages. State what the chosen option makes easier, what it makes harder, and any important risks or downstream effects. This lets future readers distinguish a decision that was reasonable under its original premises from one that no longer fits changed conditions.
What belongs in the rest of an ADR?
Templates vary, so agree on a format that suits the team and decision scope. AWS says an ADR should at minimum define the decision context, the decision itself, and its consequences for the project and deliverables. The GOV.UK framework specifies title, date, status, context, decision, consequences, stakeholders consulted, and links to supporting documents. GDS Way describes a common format of title, status, context, decision, and consequences, including both positive and negative consequences.
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| Approach | What it emphasizes | Scope or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| AWS minimum | Context, decision, and consequences for the project and deliverables. | Prescriptive Guidance; the opened process page does not state a publication date. AWS ADR process |
| GOV.UK framework | Title, date, status, context, decision, consequences, consulted stakeholders, and supporting-document links. | Published 4 November 2025 for UK public-sector use; it describes decision scope and review routes across government levels. GOV.UK ADR Framework |
| GDS Way | Title, status, context, decision, and positive and negative consequences. | The page says it was last reviewed 5 March 2026 and should be reviewed again by 5 September 2026; it warns the content may be out of date. GDS Way |
Martin Fowler recommends recording serious alternatives and their pros and cons, while keeping the ADR concise and linking supporting analysis. He also suggests documenting confidence and context changes that should prompt reevaluation. His ADR article is dated 24 March 2026: Architecture Decision Record.
Make uncertainty and review actionable
When an assumption is fragile or consequential, record what evidence could confirm or disprove it. Identify a concrete trigger for review, such as a requirement changing, a dependency becoming unavailable, or a constraint shifting. The aim is not to predict every future change; it is to preserve the conditions under which the decision made sense.
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Follow the team’s agreed lifecycle process. AWS guidance treats accepted ADRs as historical decision evidence and recommends a linked superseding ADR when a decision changes. GDS Way likewise advises marking the old decision as superseded and linking its replacement. If implementation reveals clarifications or consequences, record them according to the team’s process without rewriting history as if the original decision had been different.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Keep the record proportionate
Include enough context, rationale, consequences, stakeholders, status, and supporting links to help a future reader understand and act on the decision. Keep routine ADRs concise; put detailed analysis in linked material. For decisions with broader governance implications, choose the review and escalation path appropriate to the organization. The UK framework’s team, programme, department, and cross-government levels describe UK public-sector practice, not a universal requirement.
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