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Install Matplotlib with Termux’s package manager, then verify it by creating and saving a small PNG with Matplotlib’s noninteractive Agg backend. This checks more than an import: it also confirms that plotting and file output work.

Install Matplotlib from the Termux repository

For a normal Termux setup, use the repository package rather than starting with pip. Termux maintainers have recommended updating packages before installing Matplotlib from the repository (Termux maintainer discussion). A Termux package build record also shows Matplotlib as a repository package with dependencies including Python, NumPy, Pillow, and pip (Termux package build issue).

  1. Open Termux and update its package lists:
    pkg update
  2. Upgrade installed packages:
    pkg upgrade
    If Termux displays a confirmation prompt, review the proposed changes before accepting; an upgrade can affect other installed packages.
  3. Install Matplotlib:
    pkg install matplotlib

The exact Matplotlib version available depends on the configured repository and can change. The cited package records do not establish a current version number.

Verify plotting by saving a PNG

Run this complete command in Termux. It prints the installed version, creates a simple line plot, and writes termux-matplotlib-check.png in the current directory:

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MPLBACKEND=Agg python - <<'PY'
import os
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

print("Matplotlib", matplotlib.__version__)
plt.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 4], marker="o")
plt.title("Termux Matplotlib check")
plt.savefig("termux-matplotlib-check.png")
print("PNG bytes:", os.path.getsize("termux-matplotlib-check.png"))
PY

A successful run prints a Matplotlib version and a positive PNG bytes value. The noninteractive Agg backend avoids relying on a desktop window or display configuration. To confirm the file is present, run ls -l termux-matplotlib-check.png. Matplotlib documents its installation options and notes that pip may need to build from source when it cannot find a suitable wheel (Matplotlib installation documentation).

Repository package or pip?

Approach What to expect
Termux repository: pkg install matplotlib Recommended default here: installs the package provided for Termux and uses Termux’s package-management path for dependencies. The available version depends on the configured repository.
Python package installer: pip Compatibility and build outcome depend on the environment. If no suitable wheel is available, pip may attempt a source build that requires native compilation; a binary distribution preference does not guarantee a compatible Termux wheel.

A historical Termux issue documents a failed pip source build in an older environment; it illustrates a possible compilation failure, not a rule that pip installation always fails today (historical Termux build issue). For this installation, try the repository package first.

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Troubleshoot installation and verification errors

Package update or install fails before Matplotlib is installed

Check network access and the configured Termux mirror. If the package manager cannot reach or use its repository, resolve that first; it does not by itself indicate a Matplotlib problem. Termux’s package-management guidance covers package updates and mirror changes (Termux package-management wiki).

Python reports that pip is missing

You do not need to install pip separately when pkg install matplotlib and its dependencies complete successfully. For a separate task that specifically needs pip, install the Termux python-pip package with pkg install python-pip; Termux’s Python build source describes pip as separately packaged in some configurations (Termux Python package build source).

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The script imports Matplotlib but does not create a usable plot

An import check alone does not demonstrate that rendering and file output work. Run the full Agg test and look for both a positive byte count and the PNG file. This recipe checks headless file generation; it does not establish that an interactive plot window will work, which depends on a separate display setup.

You are considering a pip source build

Matplotlib’s installation documentation explains that pip can build from source if it cannot find a suitable wheel. Its --prefer-binary option prefers binary distributions where possible, but does not ensure a wheel compatible with Termux. The outcome can vary by Termux configuration and device; the available sources do not establish compatibility for every CPU architecture, Android release, or repository/signing combination.

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