To test a website without a mouse, use only the keyboard to find and complete its interactive tasks. Check that every control is reachable and usable, focus is visible and moves in a sensible order, and you can get out of menus and dialogs. This is a focused manual check—not a full accessibility audit or proof of WCAG conformance.
What you need to check
Keyboard accessibility means that people can operate content through a keyboard interface. WCAG 2.1 Success Criterion 2.1.1 (Level A) requires all functionality to work through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes. Its limited exception applies when the underlying function depends on the path of a movement, rather than just its endpoints. Read the W3C explanation of SC 2.1.1.
A keyboard-only test checks more than whether Tab can reach a button. It should establish whether users can reach and complete the page’s functions, follow focus as it moves, and operate and leave interactive components. W3C’s informative G202 keyboard test procedure starts by identifying the page’s functionality and then checking that each function can be performed using only the keyboard.
Run a keyboard-only test
- Start at the page’s normal starting point. Leave the mouse untouched. Press Tab to move forward through focus stops and Shift+Tab to move backward. Use the controls appropriate to each widget: custom components may use arrow keys, Enter, Space, or Escape. Do not assume Tab activates every part of a widget.
- List the page’s functionality. Include navigation, buttons, forms, menus, dialogs, toggles, media controls, custom widgets, and actions that appear to require hovering, dragging, or another pointer gesture. For each item, check whether it can be reached and its intended task completed with the keyboard.
- Track focus at every stop. Identify which item will receive the next keyboard action. Focus should have a visible indicator that is easy to locate and should remain visible while that item has focus. WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.7 (Level AA) requires a mode in which focus is visible; see the W3C explanation of SC 2.4.7.
- Check whether focus order makes sense. Follow the sequence and ask whether it preserves the page’s meaning and lets you operate it without missing a step or control. A sensible sequence does not have to reproduce the visual layout exactly. WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.3 is the relevant Level A criterion; see the W3C explanation of SC 2.4.3.
- Test each composite component and its exit. Open menus, dialogs, popovers, and similar widgets using the keyboard. Operate their controls, then try to close them or move focus away without a pointer. WCAG 2.1 SC 2.1.2 (Level A) prohibits keyboard traps. If a component requires a nonstandard way to move focus away, that method must be communicated to the user. See the W3C explanation of SC 2.1.2.
- Check whether other content covers focus. Look for focused controls hidden by sticky headers, footers, dialogs, or other content created by the author. WCAG 2.2 SC 2.4.11 (Level AA) requires that the focused component not be entirely hidden; the enhanced SC 2.4.12 (Level AAA) requirement is that it be fully visible. These are distinct thresholds, explained by the W3C for SC 2.4.11 and SC 2.4.12.
- Complete representative tasks. Try realistic tasks from start to finish, such as navigating to a destination, submitting a form with valid and invalid input, using a menu, or closing an overlay. A control that receives focus is not necessarily operable if its function cannot be completed from the keyboard.
Record problems so they can be reproduced
For each issue, note the page or component, the steps and keys that led to it, the expected result, and what actually happened. Describe whether focus became invisible, moved illogically, was blocked, or left a task incomplete. Include the browser and operating system so another person can repeat the check. This is a practical reporting format, not a mandatory template established by the cited WCAG guidance.
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When describing a finding, name the specific criterion and level that apply. Keyboard operation, freedom from keyboard traps, and meaningful focus order are Level A criteria; visible focus and minimum focus-not-obscured are Level AA. Fully visible focus under SC 2.4.12 is Level AAA, not the Level AA minimum.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What this test can—and cannot—show
A keyboard-only pass can expose barriers to keyboard operation, focus visibility, focus order, and exiting components. It does not evaluate every WCAG requirement, establish overall conformance, or replace broader accessibility checks and user testing where appropriate. G202 is an informative way to check keyboard functionality, not a claim that one pass covers all accessibility needs.
Quick Recap
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