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Choose the right tool for the job
| Need | Tool | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Convert XLS or XLSX worksheet data to CSV and select sheets | in2csv (csvkit) |
Its current reference documents XLS/XLSX input, sheet listing and selection, and exporting selected or all sheets. csvkit in2csv reference |
| Script conversions across spreadsheet formats Gnumeric can handle | ssconvert (Gnumeric) |
The Gnumeric manual documents scripted conversion and runtime importer/exporter listings. Gnumeric: Converting Files |
| Filter, reshape, sort, or combine records after conversion | mlr (Miller) |
Miller documents CSV, TSV, JSON, JSON Lines, and other record formats, but not Excel workbook input. Miller 6.22.0 documentation |
For a one-workbook-to-one-CSV batch, use a shell loop with either in2csv or ssconvert. Miller can read multiple converted CSV files as one stream, which is useful for downstream work, but that is different from writing a separate output for each workbook.
Prepare the tools on Linux
Install csvkit
csvkit’s installation guide documents pip install csvkit and recommends using a virtual environment. Distribution package names and versions vary, so consult your Linux distribution’s package manager if you prefer system packages. Confirm that in2csv is available by checking its local help or running in2csv --version. csvkit 2.2.0 documentation
Install Gnumeric and check ssconvert
Install Gnumeric using your distribution’s package manager, then check that the command-line converter is present with ssconvert --help or man ssconvert. The Gnumeric project homepage reports version 1.12.62, released in September 2026, but the options on your system depend on the installed package. Gnumeric project homepage
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Install Miller for downstream processing
Install Miller using the method supported by your distribution or the project’s installation instructions. Check mlr --version and mlr --help locally; the examples below assume Miller 6-style command syntax. Miller 6.22.0 documentation
Batch-convert workbooks with csvkit
Run this from the directory containing your XLSX workbooks. Quoted variables preserve spaces and other shell-special characters in filenames; the existence check makes the loop harmless if the glob finds no matches.
for f in ./*.xlsx; do
[ -e "$f" ] || continue
in2csv "$f" > "${f%.xlsx}.csv"
done
For legacy XLS workbooks, use a separate loop and change the suffix:
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for f in ./*.xls; do
[ -e "$f" ] || continue
in2csv "$f" > "${f%.xls}.csv"
done
These loops write beside the source workbooks. For safer reruns or to keep source and output files apart, create a dedicated output directory and adjust the destination path. Avoid a broad input glob that could pick up previously generated files.
Select or export workbook sheets
List a workbook’s sheet names before converting when it has multiple worksheets:
in2csv --names "workbook.xlsx"
To convert one named worksheet, specify its name:
in2csv --sheet 'Sheet Name' "workbook.xlsx" > "workbook-sheet.csv"
The reference also documents --write-sheets - to write all sheets and --use-sheet-names to use worksheet names in output filenames. Try those options on a sample workbook first and check the generated filenames and output directory before applying them to a batch. csvkit in2csv reference
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Batch-convert workbooks with Gnumeric
For one CSV per XLSX workbook, run:
for f in ./*.xlsx; do
[ -e "$f" ] || continue
ssconvert "$f" "${f%.xlsx}.csv"
done
For XLS files, replace *.xlsx with *.xls and ${f%.xlsx} with ${f%.xls}. In normal use, ssconvert selects an output format from the output filename extension. Gnumeric’s manual describes scripted conversion of large numbers of files. Gnumeric: Converting Files
If you need a particular importer or exporter, inspect the formats supported by your installed version:
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ssconvert --list-exporters
Then consult man ssconvert for the options available on that system. An archived manual for Gnumeric 1.12.57 documents CSV separator settings, recalculation, and output formatting choices including format=raw and format=preserve. Check the installed manual before relying on those options: formatting choices can change how values such as dates and numbers are represented. Gnumeric 1.12.57 converter manual
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Use Miller after conversion
Miller is for record data rather than direct workbook conversion. For example, convert a CSV file to tab-separated output with:
mlr --icsv --otsv cat input.csv > output.tsv
To process multiple CSV files with the same schema as one input stream, you can run:
mlr --csv stats1 -a count input-*.csv
Miller treats command-line files as one stream and avoids repeating CSV headers when processing them together. Use the earlier per-workbook loops when you need separate output files rather than a combined stream. Miller 6.22.0 documentation
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Check conversion results before scaling up
- Pilot the batch. Convert at least one representative XLS and one XLSX if both formats are in your directory. Open or inspect the CSV outputs before processing the rest.
- Confirm the worksheet. List sheet names or deliberately select a sheet; a workbook’s first sheet may not be the one you intend to export.
- Compare values that depend on spreadsheet semantics. Check dates, identifiers with leading zeros, decimals, formulas, blank cells, and non-ASCII text against the workbook. CSV is a data representation, not a guarantee that Excel formulas or display formatting will be preserved as they appear in a spreadsheet.
- Check delimiters and quoting. Values containing commas, quotes, or newlines need correct CSV quoting for the software that will read the output. Miller documents CSV and CSV-lite behavior, including handling of embedded delimiters and line endings. Miller 6.22.0 documentation
- Keep inputs and outputs distinct. A dedicated output directory reduces the risk that a later run will treat generated CSV files as new inputs.
- Make failures visible. Check the command’s exit status and record which input failed; do not assume a completed loop means every workbook converted successfully.
Understand differences in values and formatting
Two workbooks that look alike in Excel may produce different CSV values. csvkit explicitly warns: “If an XLS looks identical to an XLSX when viewed in Excel, they may not be identical as CSV.” Its documented example is an integer that may be emitted without decimals from XLSX but with decimals from a visually similar XLS workbook. csvkit in2csv reference
csvkit also uses CSV dialect sniffing and type inference. Its documentation notes that inference can occasionally be wrong and recommends --snifflimit 0 and --no-inference when those CSV-handling features are not needed. These settings concern csvkit’s CSV handling; they should not be treated as a fix for differences in how Excel workbook values are represented during conversion. csvkit 2.2.0 documentation
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