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Sometimes—but a closed-looking app does not, by itself, tell you whether its microphone is active. A permitted wake-word feature may process audio while waiting for a trigger, even when the app’s main screen is dismissed. Whether that happens depends on the device, operating system, app, permissions, and settings. Google Assistant and Windows document different, feature-specific behaviors; neither is a rule for every voice AI app.

What “closed” means—and what it does not tell you

People use “closed” to mean different things: the app’s screen is dismissed, the app is in the background, the device is locked, or the app has been force-quit. Those states are not interchangeable, and a wake-word feature may operate separately from the app interface.

It also helps to distinguish four stages: microphone access, processing audio to detect a wake phrase, sending a request after activation, and storing audio or transcripts. Evidence that a feature processes audio locally while waiting does not, by itself, show that it uploads or saves everything it hears.

What documented voice features do

Google Assistant: standby detection and activated requests

Google says Assistant waits in standby for an activation such as “Hey Google.” In that state, the device processes short audio snippets to detect an activation; Google says standby speech is not sent to its servers. Once Assistant detects an activation, it exits standby and sends the request to Google. Google also notes that similar-sounding sounds or an unintended manual action can trigger Assistant. See Google Assistant’s explanation of when it listens.

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For supported Nest and Home devices, Google documents turning off “Hey Google” and using the device’s physical microphone switch as controls. Availability and controls depend on the device.

Windows 10 and Windows 11: permissioned voice activation

Microsoft says supported Windows apps can respond to app-specific spoken keywords through voice activation. An app must request permission to listen for its keywords or access the microphone. Microsoft says the taskbar shows a microphone indicator while an app is listening. In Windows 11, voice activation settings are at Settings > Privacy & security > Voice activation; users can review whether apps can activate while the device is locked. Windows 10 behavior while locked depends on settings and power state. Microsoft’s documentation covers voice activation in Windows and microphone permissions.

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Microsoft’s privacy guidance adds that permitted voice activation can monitor for an app’s keyword while the device is locked and the screen is off, and that an app may continue listening after activation. Microsoft also cautions that some third-party desktop apps or services may not appear in microphone settings or may still access a microphone when a setting is off. These are platform caveats, not proof that every Windows app listens in the background. See Microsoft’s privacy statement.

Android Voice Access is a separate feature

Google’s Voice Access documentation describes a feature distinct from Google Assistant. It requires microphone permission and listens only while Voice Access is active. On Android 12 or later, Google says a green status-bar indicator appears. Speech is primarily processed on-device, but depending on configuration and system language it may be sent to Google servers for processing. Google says audio sent to it is not saved and is used to provide the service; audio and transcripts are not stored unless the user enables the named improvement setting. Consult Google’s Voice Access help for the feature’s controls and details.

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How to check or limit microphone activity

On Windows 11

  1. Open Settings > Privacy & security > Voice activation. Review which apps have voice activation permission and whether they can activate while the device is locked.
  2. Open Settings > Privacy & security > Microphone and review microphone access, app permissions, and desktop-app access.
  3. When you see the taskbar microphone indicator, use the relevant app’s controls to stop listening or revoke access if you do not want that feature active.

Windows settings are useful but not a perfect inventory: Microsoft warns that some desktop apps may not be listed or may still access the microphone despite a setting being off.

On Android

  • When the microphone privacy indicator appears, open the indicator or privacy details to identify which app is using the microphone. Android’s platform documentation describes active indicators and a recent-access view for apps using camera or microphone data through the relevant permissions: Android privacy indicators.
  • If you use Voice Access, use its “Stop listening” control when you want that feature inactive.
  • For Google Assistant, review whether “Hey Google” is enabled. On supported Nest or Home hardware, use the physical microphone switch if you want to disable the device microphone.

Indicators and histories have platform-specific scope. Android’s permission indicators explain app access through relevant permissions; they do not establish how every system-level wake-word implementation appears.

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What a microphone indicator can—and cannot—prove

An operating-system indicator is useful evidence that a microphone-related feature is active, but its meaning depends on the OS and feature. Google documents a green indicator for Voice Access on Android 12 or later, while Microsoft documents a Windows taskbar indicator for supported voice activation. Do not assume the same indicator behavior applies to every assistant, every app, or every version.

Likewise, microphone access is not the same as transmission or retention. Google’s Assistant guidance distinguishes standby detection from sending an activated request; Voice Access has its own processing and storage statements. Check the specific feature’s current documentation if your concern is where audio goes or whether it is retained.

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How to compare two assistants or investigate a concern

For a specific app and device, check these points rather than relying on the word “closed”:

  • Is wake-word detection enabled, and what does the vendor say is processed while the feature waits?
  • Which microphone or voice-activation permissions are required?
  • Does the feature work after the screen is dismissed, in the background, or while the device is locked?
  • What indicator or recent-access history does that operating system provide?
  • What does the vendor say about sending, retaining, and deleting audio or transcripts?

The cited guidance establishes specific behaviors for Windows voice activation, Google Assistant, and Android Voice Access. It does not determine what every third-party app does, settle all iOS background-audio behavior, or show whether a particular app is transmitting audio in a specific incident. For that, identify the exact app and OS version, then consult the app’s current documentation and the device’s microphone-privacy history.

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