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Use WebdriverIO’s Browser Runner to render and test components in a real browser. Start the setup wizard in your project, choose the browser runner and your framework preset, then render components with a framework utility and use WebdriverIO commands to interact with them. Run the suite with npx wdio run ./wdio.conf.js.
What WebdriverIO component tests do
The Browser Runner uses Vite to compile test code and serve a test page inside an actual desktop or mobile browser. A rendering utility such as Testing Library mounts the component and helps locate elements; WebdriverIO browser commands then exercise interactions such as clicks. This provides access to browser behavior that a DOM emulator such as JSDOM may not reproduce.
These tests focus on components rendered in the runner’s test page. They do not, by themselves, validate how the entire deployed application works when its routes, services, and other components are integrated.
Set up the Browser Runner
-
From the project directory, run the official setup wizard:
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npm init wdio@latest ./ -
Choose
browseras the runner. Select your framework preset if offered, or chooseOtherfor basic browser-based unit tests. -
Review the generated WDIO configuration. If the project already uses Vite, the setup can reuse its configuration. You can also supply a custom Vite configuration; the Browser Runner adapts it for the test harness.
-
Install the framework’s required Vite plugin and a rendering/testing utility if they are not already installed. The framework guides describe the relevant dependencies.
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-
Run the suite:
npx wdio run ./wdio.conf.js
The command above is used in the official React and Vue examples. Check the generated configuration path if your project’s wizard output differs.
Choose a framework preset and dependencies
The current documentation describes presets for React, Preact, Vue, Svelte, SolidJS, and Stencil. Preset availability and integration details can change; consult the live component testing guide and runner reference for your installed setup.
| Framework | Configuration or dependency note |
|---|---|
| React | Use runner: ['browser', { preset: 'react' }]; the guide calls for @vitejs/plugin-react. |
| Vue | Use runner: ['browser', { preset: 'vue' }]; the guide calls for @vitejs/plugin-vue. |
| Preact | The guide identifies @preact/preset-vite. |
| Svelte, SolidJS, Stencil | Presets are listed in the runner documentation; consult the framework-specific setup for required packages and configuration. |
| Other or custom setup | Choose Other for basic browser unit tests, or configure a custom/existing Vite config where appropriate. |
Testing Library or a framework-specific utility is a separate choice from the browser automation runner: the utility renders and queries the component, while WebdriverIO performs browser interactions.
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Render, interact with, and assert on a component
The React guide’s basic pattern is to render a component, find a button, click it through WebdriverIO, and assert that the page changed. For example, adapt this pattern to the component and queries in your project:
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
import Counter from './Counter.js'
describe('Counter', () => {
it('increments when the button is clicked', async () => {
render(<Counter />)
const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /increment/i })
await button.click()
await expect(screen.getByText('Count: 1')).toBeDisplayed()
})
})This illustrates the documented division of work: Testing Library renders and finds elements, and the WDIO element command clicks through the browser interface. Adapt imports, component syntax, and assertions to your project’s installed packages and WDIO version. Vue projects can render with @vue/test-utils or @testing-library/vue, then use WDIO commands for browser interaction.
Keep tests isolated
The runner reference says each test file or group runs within one page and reloads the page between tests. The component-testing overview recommends render helpers that clean up rendered components. If you do not use such a helper, arrange cleanup of your own test container between tests.
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Run in CI or through a remote browser
CI headless mode
In the documented configuration, the Browser Runner defaults to headless mode when the CI environment variable is '1' or 'true'. The runner’s headless option can control this behavior. Check the generated configuration and your CI environment rather than assuming a particular mode.
Selenium Grid
If browsers run through Selenium Grid, configure the Browser Runner’s host so the remote browser can reach the machine serving the test files. A browser that cannot access that host may fail to load the test page even when the local project starts correctly.
Important limits and framework-specific caveats
- Test framework: The component-testing overview documents Mocha support and describes Jasmine and Cucumber as being on the roadmap. This can change; confirm current support in the live documentation before choosing a runner configuration.
- Native blocking dialogs: Calls such as
alertandconfirmblock normal communication with the page. The runner supplies mocks with default return values; explicitly mock these APIs when the component behavior depends on a particular result. - Nuxt context: The Vue guide says Nuxt composables and pages are supported with caveats. Modules that require a Nuxt application context cannot be initialized solely in the browser and are generally better covered as end-to-end behavior. Third-party composables may need manual mocks.
- Integrated application behavior: A component test does not replace end-to-end tests for behavior that depends on the running application and its integrations.
Watch mode and debugging
The documentation describes --watch for rerunning changed files and a debug command that stops execution and opens a Node.js REPL while allowing inspection of the browser. It also notes that IDE breakpoints are not yet recognized in the remote browser. See the current component testing documentation for command syntax and current debugging behavior.
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Troubleshoot common setup failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| The test page fails to compile or load a framework component | The preset, Vite plugin, or Vite configuration does not match the framework. | Check the generated WDIO config, install the framework’s documented Vite plugin, and verify that a custom or existing Vite config can be used by the runner. |
| Tests do not start under the selected test framework | The runner’s documented component-testing support may not include that framework. | Confirm current support in the component-testing guide; the cited overview documents Mocha. |
| A remote Grid browser cannot load the test page | The browser cannot reach the host serving test files. | Set the runner’s host to an address reachable from the remote browser and check network access. |
A test hangs around alert or confirm |
A native blocking dialog is interfering with page communication. | Use the runner’s dialog mocks and set explicit return values for behavior under test. |
| A Nuxt-dependent component fails outside the application | The component relies on Nuxt application context unavailable in the browser-only test setup. | Mock third-party composables where appropriate; use end-to-end coverage for behavior requiring the full Nuxt context. |
| Rendered content leaks between tests | The chosen render helper may not clean up, or a custom container is left mounted. | Use a helper with cleanup behavior or add explicit test-container cleanup. |
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can WebdriverIO component tests run on a phone browser?
The Browser Runner documentation describes execution in actual desktop or mobile browsers; the chosen browser and configuration determine the specific target.
Do component tests replace end-to-end tests?
No. They exercise components in the runner’s test page; integrated application flows and behavior that requires application context may need end-to-end coverage.
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