In Bootstrap 5.3, use responsive .d-* display utilities to show or remove elements at different viewport widths. Choose .invisible to hide an element while keeping its layout space, or .visually-hidden when screen-reader users should still receive its content. These classes have different layout and accessibility effects, so use the one that matches the result you need.
Hide or show an element with Bootstrap display utilities
Bootstrap’s display utilities set an element’s CSS display value. In Bootstrap 5.3, .d-none hides an element at every viewport width; add another display utility to restore it at a breakpoint.
<div class="d-none">Hidden at all breakpoints</div>
<div class="d-none d-md-block">
Hidden below md; block at md and wider
</div>display: none removes the element from the rendered layout while it is hidden. Use a display value appropriate to the element when showing it again: Bootstrap provides utilities including block, inline, inline-block, flex, grid, and table. See the Bootstrap 5.3 display utilities.
Use breakpoints to control when an element appears
Bootstrap’s breakpoint-qualified display utilities apply from the named breakpoint’s minimum width and above. In Bootstrap 5.3, the breakpoint names are sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl. A later breakpoint utility can change the display again, letting you show an element only within a range.
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<div class="d-none d-md-block d-xl-none">
Shown from md until the xl breakpoint
</div>This combination hides the element below md, displays it as a block from md, and hides it again at xl and wider. Choose the display mode—here, block—to suit the element. For other responsive display combinations, use the same pattern with the appropriate breakpoint and display value.
Choose between display, visibility, and visually hidden
These utilities answer different questions: should the element take up space, and should assistive technology receive its content?
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| Utility | Layout effect | Assistive technology | Use it when |
|---|---|---|---|
.d-none or .d-{breakpoint}-none |
Sets display: none; the hidden element does not participate in layout as a displayed element. |
Content is not exposed while hidden. | You want to remove the element from layout at all sizes or at selected responsive ranges. |
.invisible |
Hides the element visually but preserves its display and layout space. | Bootstrap says it is hidden from assistive technology too. | You intentionally want a blank area to remain while hiding the element from everyone. |
.visually-hidden |
Visually hides the content. | Content remains available to assistive technologies. | You need screen-reader-only context. |
.visually-hidden-focusable |
Visually hides content until it receives focus. | Content remains available and can become visible on focus. | You need a keyboard-discoverable control, such as a skip link. |
Hide an element but preserve its space
Use .invisible when leaving a gap in the layout is intentional:
<div class="invisible">Hidden, but still occupies layout space</div>Bootstrap’s v5.3 Visibility documentation explains: “These utility classes do not modify the display value at all and do not affect layout – .invisible elements still take up space in the page.” The same documentation says the content is hidden from assistive technology. Do not use .invisible as a screen-reader-only technique.
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Hide content visually but keep it accessible
Use .visually-hidden for text that should remain available to assistive technology users, such as extra context that sighted users do not need to see:
<span class="visually-hidden">Additional context for screen-reader users</span>For a skip link or another control that should become visible when keyboard-focused, use .visually-hidden-focusable:
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<a class="visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content">
Skip to main content
</a>Bootstrap documents these helpers in its visually hidden helper documentation.
Change display for print
Bootstrap 5.3 provides print-specific display utilities, including .d-print-none and .d-print-block. Combine a print utility with screen display classes when an element should appear differently on paper than on screen. The display utility documentation lists the available .d-print-* classes.
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Check the Bootstrap version before choosing class names
Do not assume a class from an older Bootstrap example works in a Bootstrap 5 project. Bootstrap 4.6 uses the responsive .d-{breakpoint}-{value} pattern and documents print display utilities through xl; Bootstrap 5.3 also includes xxl. See the Bootstrap 4.6 display documentation for that release’s syntax.
Bootstrap 3 uses older patterns such as .hidden-*, .visible-*, .show, .hidden, .sr-only, and .sr-only-focusable. Some .visible-* classes are marked deprecated in its documentation. For Bootstrap 3, follow the Bootstrap CSS documentation; for historical migration context, see the Bootstrap 4 migration guide. Bootstrap 4 and 5 use .d-* display utilities instead of the older responsive visibility pattern.
Troubleshoot display and visibility utilities
- The element never appears: Check whether
.d-noneremains in effect at the viewport width you are testing. Add the intended breakpoint display utility, such as.d-md-block, and verify that the page is using the Bootstrap version whose class names you wrote. - The element still leaves a gap:
.invisiblepreserves layout space. Use a suitable.d-noneutility if the hidden element should not occupy layout. - Screen readers do not announce hidden content: That is expected with
.d-noneand Bootstrap 5.3’s.invisible. For visually hidden content that should stay available to assistive technology, use.visually-hidden. - A skip link stays invisible after keyboard focus: Check that it uses
.visually-hidden-focusable, rather than only.visually-hidden, and that the link can receive keyboard focus. - Legacy classes have no effect: Classes such as Bootstrap 3’s
.hidden-*are not the Bootstrap 5 responsive display pattern. Use the utilities documented for the version installed in your project.
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