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Write a Gherkin data table directly beneath the step that uses it, then accept the table as the final argument in the matching Ruby step-definition block. Cucumber passes the table as a multiline step argument. The exact Ruby methods for converting it into arrays, hashes, or objects depend on the Cucumber Ruby version in your project, so check the API for the version pinned in your lockfile before adding conversion calls.
Write the data table beneath its step
In a .feature file, put the table immediately below the Gherkin step it belongs to. This example has a header row followed by two product rows:
Feature: Register products
Scenario: Add several products
Given the following products:
| name | price |
| mug | 12.50 |
| bottle | 18.00 |The table is not part of the step’s text. The step text to match is the following products:; the table is a separate multiline argument supplied for that step. Cucumber documents data tables as the final argument to a step. See the Cucumber reference.
Receive the table in a Ruby step definition
Register a block whose step text matches the feature. Its final block parameter receives the data table:
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Given('the following products:') do |table|
# `table` is the multiline argument for this step.
# Use the conversion or inspection API supported by your
# installed Cucumber Ruby version.
endRuby step definitions use blocks registered with Given, When, or Then. Cucumber matches the step text to a registered definition and supplies the table as the trailing argument. The step definitions documentation also explains that regular-expression capture groups become block arguments. Keep those captured values distinct from the trailing table argument.
Choose a table shape that suits the scenario
Choose a layout that makes the test data clear to someone reading the scenario. Cucumber describes broad table shapes, but the shape does not by itself establish a particular Ruby conversion method.
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| Scenario data | Useful Gherkin shape | What to verify in Ruby |
|---|---|---|
| A sequence of values | One column, with a row for each value | How your installed version exposes the rows as a collection |
| Records with named fields | A header row followed by one row per record, as in the product example | Whether and how the version converts rows into hashes |
| Key/value data | A compact two-column table | How the version represents pairs and handles repeated keys |
For raw strings, arrays, hashes, scalar values, or domain objects, consult Ruby-specific documentation for the exact Cucumber Ruby version in use. The general Cucumber API page discusses table conversions, but its explicit collection examples are primarily for JVM implementations; the configuration examples likewise show Java and Kotlin rather than a Ruby hash-conversion snippet. Do not copy JVM types or method signatures into Ruby code. See Cucumber configuration.
Set up and run the Ruby project
The Cucumber Ruby README identifies Cucumber for Ruby as a Ruby gem and demonstrates a project layout with features/step_definitions and features/support/env.rb, as well as block-style step definitions. Once the project is set up, run its suite with:
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bundle exec cucumberKeep the project’s Cucumber Ruby dependency pinned in its lockfile. Confirm any table-conversion calls against that installed version’s Ruby API documentation or implementation; the general reference alone does not establish a Ruby conversion method.
Troubleshoot table arguments and conversions
- The step is undefined: Check that the text in the feature matches a registered
Given,When, orThendefinition. The table does not replace or become part of that matching text. - The step receives ordinary captured values as well as a table: Check the step expression and block parameters. Regular-expression capture groups are passed as arguments; the table is the trailing multiline argument.
- A conversion method or example will not work in Ruby: Verify it against the installed Cucumber Ruby version. JVM collection examples in the general reference are not Ruby method signatures.
- Rows are hard to interpret: Reconsider the table shape. Use headings when they clarify record fields, or a simpler one-column or two-column layout when that better expresses the scenario data.
Or skip the browser setup
If a separate part of your workflow needs website screenshots—for example, capturing a page as a test artifact—ScreenshotNeo provides a screenshot API and MCP server. This does not replace Cucumber’s Gherkin tables or Ruby step definitions. A single GET request can return a screenshot or PDF; for example, using cURL:
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