Use CSS row subgrid when elements inside repeated components—such as card titles, descriptions, and links—need to line up across their shared rows. Set up the rows on the parent grid, make each component span those rows, and set grid-template-rows: subgrid. To center an item inside its grid area, use align-items or align-self; subgrid shares track sizing but does not center items.
Align matching rows across cards with row subgrid
In a normal nested grid, each card sizes its own rows. If one card has a longer title or description, its internal row sizes may differ from the corresponding rows in neighboring cards. A row subgrid lets those cards use the parent grid’s row tracks instead. MDN Web Docs describes the behavior this way: “If you set the value of subgrid on grid-template-columns, grid-template-rows or both, instead of creating a new track listing, the nested grid uses the tracks defined on the parent.” See MDN’s Subgrid guide.
Here, each card occupies three parent rows: a title, a description, and a link. The cards use the same row tracks, so their corresponding content lines up.
<div class="cards">
<article class="card">
<h2>Card title</h2>
<p>Card descriptions can have different lengths.</p>
<a href="#details">Read more</a>
</article>
<article class="card">
<h2>Another title</h2>
<p>A shorter description.</p>
<a href="#details">Read more</a>
</article>
</div>.cards {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
gap: 1rem;
}
.card {
display: grid;
grid-row: span 3;
grid-template-rows: subgrid;
}The parent declares the row tracks; each card is itself a grid item and spans all three. Its title, paragraph, and link then occupy the corresponding shared rows. Adjust the row definition and span to match your component’s actual structure and responsive layout.
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Center content inside its grid area
Sharing row tracks and aligning an item within a track are separate jobs. If you want the card’s contents centered within their respective grid areas, add align-items: center to the subgrid. To center only one item, use align-self: center on that item.
.card {
display: grid;
grid-row: span 3;
grid-template-rows: subgrid;
align-items: center;
}
.card a {
align-self: center;
}Grid’s alignment axes are logical. In the common horizontal writing mode, the block axis runs vertically, so align-items and align-self align on that axis. In another writing mode, the block axis may not correspond to the physical vertical direction.
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Choose the right grid feature for the job
grid-template-rows: subgrid: use when nested siblings need to share the parent’s row geometry.align-itemsoralign-self: use when an item needs alignment within its grid area on the block axis.align-content: use when the grid tracks as a group need positioning within a grid container that has extra space. It does not choose which parent rows the nested items occupy.vertical-align: it is not a general solution for block or grid items. MDN states that it applies to inline, inline-block, and table-cell elements, not block-level elements. See MDN’s vertical-align reference.
Size and space the shared tracks deliberately
Make the component span the tracks it needs
A subgrid must be a grid item in its parent, and it needs display: grid to establish its own grid formatting context. Its available rows and columns are limited to the tracks its parent item spans. For shared rows, set grid-template-rows: subgrid; for shared columns, set grid-template-columns: subgrid. You can use both where the layout calls for sharing in both dimensions.
Account for content-based sizing
Content can contribute to track sizing when the sizing method allows it. In particular, auto-sized parent rows can grow to fit content in the main grid and its subgrids. A subgrid therefore does not promise fixed heights or identical card heights regardless of content; the result depends on the parent’s track sizing and the content each track must accommodate.
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Understand inherited gaps
A subgrid inherits gaps from the parent grid, but it can override them. Setting a subgrid gap to zero can give space back to an item in a way similar to a negative margin; it does not remove the parent grid’s gap itself. Choose the override only when you want the subgrid’s items to use that available space.
Check browser support
MDN marks subgrid as widely available across browsers and says it has been available across browsers since September 2023. That is a broad modern-browser support statement, not a minimum-version list. If you support a specific browser range, check its current compatibility data before relying on subgrid.
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Troubleshoot common alignment problems
- Card rows still do not line up: confirm the card is a grid item of the intended parent, has
display: grid, spans the required parent rows, and usesgrid-template-rows: subgrid. - Items share rows but are not centered: subgrid shares track geometry; add
align-itemsto the card oralign-selfto the individual item. - Content makes a row taller than expected: inspect the parent track sizing and the content contributing to auto-sized rows. Shared tracks can grow to accommodate content.
vertical-alignhas no effect: it does not vertically align block-level or grid items; use grid alignment properties for those items.- The layout changes in a different writing mode: check the logical block axis. Alignment properties follow that axis rather than always targeting physical vertical movement.
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