Find the page’s img elements, wait until each image has finished loading, then flag images whose naturalWidth is zero. Selenium’s complete property alone does not mean an image loaded successfully: it can also be true for a broken image. The check below reports images that are failed or unavailable in the current page context; it does not determine their HTTP status or root cause.
Check images with Python and Selenium
This example uses Selenium’s plural element lookup to inspect every img element. It waits for the initial set of images to finish loading before classifying them. On pages that add or lazy-load images later, use the page-specific waits described below before relying on the result.
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
url = "https://example.com"
driver.get(url)
# Wait for images currently in the DOM to finish fetching.
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
lambda d: d.execute_script(
"return Array.from(document.images).every(img => img.complete)"
)
)
images = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "img")
broken = []
for image in images:
complete = image.get_property("complete")
natural_width = image.get_property("naturalWidth")
natural_height = image.get_property("naturalHeight")
src = image.get_attribute("src")
current_src = image.get_property("currentSrc")
if complete and natural_width == 0:
broken.append({
"src": src,
"current_src": current_src,
"natural_width": natural_width,
"natural_height": natural_height,
})
for item in broken:
print(item)
print(f"Found {len(broken)} failed or unavailable image(s)")
Replace https://example.com with the target URL. The 20-second wait is a maximum, not a fixed pause: it proceeds when all images currently in the DOM report complete, and raises a timeout if they do not. Adjust or handle that timeout according to your test’s needs. The selector can return an empty list when the page contains no matching images; in that case the script reports zero failures.
src is the element’s declared source, while currentSrc is the resource the browser selected, which can differ when responsive sources are used. Keeping both helps identify what the browser attempted to display.
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Use one browser-side script for a concise report
Instead of reading each property through separate WebDriver commands, run one script in the current page context and return structured results:
image_report = driver.execute_script("""
return Array.from(document.images, img => ({
src: img.src,
currentSrc: img.currentSrc,
complete: img.complete,
naturalWidth: img.naturalWidth,
naturalHeight: img.naturalHeight
}));
""")
broken = [
image for image in image_report
if image["complete"] and image["naturalWidth"] == 0
]
for image in broken:
print(image)
Returning all records first preserves the distinction between images still loading and settled images with no intrinsic width. Selenium’s JavaScript API runs the script in the currently selected frame or window. See the Selenium JavaScript WebDriver API.
Interpret the image properties correctly
completeindicates that fetching has finished; it may be true whether the image succeeded or failed.naturalWidthis the image’s intrinsic, density-corrected width. A value of zero means intrinsic width is unavailable, making it a useful signal for a failed or unavailable image after loading settles.naturalHeightadds diagnostic context but is not a substitute for checkingnaturalWidth.
These DOM properties do not reveal a particular HTTP status or explain why an image is unavailable. Report the result as failed or unavailable, then investigate the URL, server response, access controls, or page behavior separately. See MDN’s documentation for image complete and naturalWidth.
Wait for the images your test actually needs
Static pages
Selenium’s default normal page-load strategy waits for the document’s ready state to become complete. That can be enough for many images declared in the initial HTML, but it does not guarantee that every image relevant to your test has settled.
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JavaScript-rendered pages
Applications can modify the page after navigation completes, creating images or changing their sources later. Wait for an application-specific condition—such as a results container appearing—or for the image set to stabilize. Selenium’s waiting guidance explains why ready state alone may not account for later JavaScript changes: Waiting Strategies.
Lazy-loaded images
Images loaded only when near the viewport may not begin fetching during the initial scan. Scroll the relevant content into view, wait for those images to settle, and then inspect them. For a long page, repeat the process for the sections your test covers rather than treating the first viewport as the whole page.
Eager or non-blocking navigation
If you configure Selenium’s page-load strategy as eager or none, navigation can return before all images finish loading. Keep the explicit waits appropriate to your page. The Selenium browser options documentation describes the strategies: normal waits for complete, eager returns at interactive, and none does not block navigation.
Know what the scan includes
document.images covers DOM img elements in the currently inspected browsing context. It does not automatically check CSS background images, images inside frames you have not entered, or elements inside shadow roots. If those assets are in scope, add checks that traverse those contexts and asset types. Selenium’s element finder documentation covers plural lookups; its JavaScript WebDriver API documents script execution in the selected context.
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Troubleshoot common results
The wait times out
An image may keep loading, the page may continuously add images, or the chosen timeout may be too short for the site. Inspect the current image list and page behavior, then wait for a relevant subset or application-specific signal instead of requiring every image on the page to finish.
A lazy-loaded image is missing from the report
It may not have started loading when the scan ran. Scroll it into view, wait for its load state to settle, and scan again.
An image has complete == true but is broken
This is expected: completion describes fetching, not success. Use the settled state together with naturalWidth == 0 to flag failed or unavailable images.
The reported URL looks different from the page source
Responsive image selection can make currentSrc differ from the declared src. Record both values to see the source selected by the browser and the value set on the element.
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The scan reports no broken images, but a visual asset is missing
Check whether the asset is a CSS background, belongs to another frame, or is inside a shadow root. Those are outside a basic scan of document.images.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Selenium’s complete property mean an image loaded successfully?
No. It means fetching has finished and can also be true for a broken image. Check naturalWidth after the image settles.
Can this method confirm an image’s HTTP status code?
No. The DOM properties identify an image whose intrinsic data is unavailable, but do not establish its HTTP status or root cause.
Does scanning document.images check CSS background images?
No. It checks img elements in the current browsing context; CSS backgrounds require a separate check.
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