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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteThe current Ruby on Rails Guides deployment walkthrough uses Kamal to build your app into a Docker image and deploy it to an Ubuntu LTS VPS. You configure the server and registry in config/deploy.yml, provide deployment secrets, then run bin/kamal setup for the first deployment and bin/kamal deploy for later releases. The example lists at least 1 GB of RAM as a starting point—not a guarantee that this size suits every production app.
What you need before deploying
- A working Rails application with its production Dockerfile. The Rails Guides walkthrough uses that Dockerfile to build the deployable image.
- An Ubuntu LTS VPS with SSH access for deployment. The guide’s example specifies at least 1 GB RAM; size the server for your app, database, background jobs, traffic, and deployment needs rather than treating that figure as universal.
- A container registry account and credentials. The walkthrough uses Docker Hub and a token with read/write access so Kamal can push and retrieve the image; Kamal supports other registry hosts.
- A domain name and DNS access if you want the app served at a hostname with HTTPS.
- Your Rails production secrets, including the registry password and
RAILS_MASTER_KEY, stored outside committed configuration.
The Rails Guides name Hetzner and DigitalOcean as examples of VPS providers, not as a ranking or endorsement. Compare providers using the criteria near the end of this guide.
How the Rails and Kamal deployment fits together
Kamal deploys the application as Docker containers. Its deployment configuration describes the service, image, server, registry, and proxy settings; the production Dockerfile builds the image. In the Rails 8 launch architecture, the production Dockerfile includes Thruster in front of Puma for X-Sendfile acceleration, asset caching, and compression, while Kamal Proxy routes traffic and supports zero-downtime deployments and automated Let’s Encrypt certificates. Those details describe the Rails 8 announcement; check the current guides and your generated configuration for version-specific behavior.
Rails 8.0 release notes list Kamal 2 and Thruster among the release highlights. The live Rails Guides walkthrough is the practical setup reference: Getting Started with Rails. For Kamal configuration and secret details, consult the Kamal documentation.
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Deploy the app with Kamal
1. Provision the VPS and confirm SSH access
Create an Ubuntu LTS server and arrange SSH access for the account used to deploy. Record the server’s public IP address; you will put it in config/deploy.yml. The Rails Guides’ example uses a server with 1 GB RAM or more, but actual requirements depend on workload and architecture. If the database, workers, or other services share the VPS, include their resource use in your sizing decision.
2. Create a registry repository and token
Create a container image repository with your chosen registry. The Rails walkthrough uses Docker Hub. Create a token with the permissions Kamal needs to push new images and retrieve them during deployment, then keep the token private. A registry is separate from the VPS: Kamal builds and pushes an image, and the server retrieves it.
3. Configure the service, image, server, and registry
Edit config/deploy.yml following the current Rails Guides example. Set the service and image names, target server address, and registry username. The deploy configuration also supports other registry hosts; use the appropriate host and repository values for your account.
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Do not commit credentials or Rails secrets in the configuration file. Kamal identifies KAMAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD and, for Rails applications, RAILS_MASTER_KEY as deployment secrets. Supply them through the secret mechanism described in the current Kamal documentation and make sure the deployment environment can read them. The master key is needed to decrypt Rails credentials; losing it or exposing it can compromise production secrets.
4. Point your domain and enable HTTPS
If deploying to a domain, create DNS records that resolve the hostname to the VPS address. Configure the Kamal proxy with that host and enable SSL as shown in the Rails Guides. The guide says Kamal uses Let’s Encrypt to obtain the certificate once DNS points to the server. DNS must resolve correctly for the certificate flow to work; allow for DNS propagation and check the hostname before troubleshooting deployment settings.
5. Run the first deployment
From the Rails application directory, run:
bin/kamal setupThe initial setup prepares the server and performs the first deployment using the configuration and secrets you supplied. If it fails, inspect the command output, confirm SSH connectivity, check the server address and registry credentials, and verify that the server can reach the registry.
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6. Deploy later releases
After making and testing a change locally, deploy the next release with:
bin/kamal deployUse the Rails Guides and Kamal documentation for the exact options and configuration supported by the versions in your app; deployment commands and defaults can change between versions.
7. Verify application behavior
Open the deployed hostname over HTTPS, then check the application-specific paths that the deployment command cannot validate for you:
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- Database connectivity and whether required migrations completed safely.
- Background job processing and scheduled work, if the app uses them.
- Uploaded files and other persistent data, including where they live and how they survive replacement of a container or server.
- Outbound email and any external APIs the app relies on.
- Application logs, error reporting, and whether alerts reach someone responsible for responding.
- Backups and a tested restore path for the database and other critical data.
The generic Rails deployment walkthrough does not prescribe a universal database topology, backup retention schedule, monitoring product, or recovery objective. Choose and verify those for your application’s needs.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Secrets and ongoing production responsibilities
A successful setup is the start of operating the app, not the end. Restrict access to deployment credentials and production console access, rotate secrets when exposure is suspected, apply security updates, review errors and logs, and define how the app will be restored after a server or data failure. For a remote Rails console, the Rails walkthrough documents bin/kamal console; treat it as privileged production access and limit who can use it.
Backups should cover the data that matters to the app, and a backup is useful only if restoration has been tested. Select the database placement—on the same VPS, on a separate server, or managed externally—based on cost, operational burden, network dependencies, and the recovery time and data-loss limits you can accept. The official deployment material does not establish a best choice for every application.
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When a manual Puma deployment may make sense
You can install the app directly on a Linux host and run Puma under a process manager instead of deploying containers. Puma’s upstream documentation describes systemd as a common Linux init system that can monitor Puma and restart it, and provides a sample service unit: Puma systemd documentation.
That is a process-supervision component, not a complete Rails deployment recipe. A manual setup also requires a versioned Ruby and app installation, secret and environment handling, reverse proxy and TLS configuration, database setup, asset build, migration and release strategy, logs, backups, and rollback planning. Choose it when you specifically want to own and maintain those host-level pieces; for the documented Rails route, start with Kamal.
Choose a VPS and database arrangement
Compare server plans on workload and operations
Do not select a plan from RAM alone. Compare the server’s region, CPU, memory, storage, included networking, snapshot or backup terms, support, and total recurring cost. Also consider whether the app’s database and background workers will share the machine. The Rails Guides provide no provider comparison or current hosting prices, so verify plan limits and backup terms directly with the provider before choosing.
Decide where the database belongs
A database on the application VPS can reduce the number of services to manage, but it shares the server’s resources and failure boundary. A separate or managed database changes the cost and operational workload and introduces a network dependency. Compare the options against the app’s expected load, backup responsibilities, and recovery objectives; there is no universal topology established by the Rails deployment guide.
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