Use a browser automation script to open the page, scroll to a known vertical offset, and capture the visible viewport; then run that script on a recurring schedule. The example below uses Playwright and GitHub Actions. Keep the viewport, offset, page state, and capture timing consistent if you plan to compare screenshots across runs.
How a fixed-position screenshot works
A normal Playwright page screenshot records the current viewport. Set the page’s vertical scroll position before taking it to capture a chosen section of the page. By contrast, fullPage: true captures the whole scrollable page as a tall image. Playwright documents these screenshot modes and options, but the scroll-to-offset sequence is ordinary browser scripting rather than a special screenshot option. See Playwright’s screenshot guide and Page API.
Build a Playwright capture script
1. Install Playwright
For a JavaScript project, install Playwright and its Chromium browser:
npm install playwright
npx playwright install chromiumSave the following as capture.js. It accepts a URL, a vertical offset in CSS pixels, and an output filename through environment variables.
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const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const url = process.env.TARGET_URL;
const scrollY = Number(process.env.SCROLL_Y ?? 800);
const output = process.env.OUTPUT ?? 'screenshot.png';
if (!url) throw new Error('Set TARGET_URL to the page to capture.');
if (!Number.isFinite(scrollY) || scrollY < 0) {
throw new Error('SCROLL_Y must be a non-negative number.');
}
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage({
viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 },
deviceScaleFactor: 1
});
await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 60000 });
// Prefer waiting for a task-specific element when the page has dynamic content.
await page.evaluate(y => window.scrollTo(0, y), scrollY);
await page.waitForTimeout(500);
await page.screenshot({ path: output, type: 'png' });
console.log(`Saved ${output} at scrollY=${scrollY}`);
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();The example waits for the document to be parsed, scrolls, then allows a short settling period. Replace or supplement that delay with a condition tied to the page—for example, wait for a selector that appears when the content you need is ready. A fixed delay alone does not prove that a request, animation, or client-side update has finished.
2. Run it locally
TARGET_URL="https://example.com" SCROLL_Y=800 OUTPUT="page.png" node capture.jsThe offset is measured in CSS pixels from the top of the document. The actual visible region is constrained by the viewport and the page’s scrollable height; near the bottom, the browser cannot scroll beyond the document’s maximum scroll position.
Schedule it with GitHub Actions
GitHub Actions supports POSIX cron schedules, with a shortest interval of five minutes. Schedules default to UTC; the documentation also supports IANA time zones. Scheduled workflows run against the latest commit on the repository’s default branch. See GitHub’s schedule-event documentation.
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1. Add the workflow
Commit the capture script and package files, then create .github/workflows/capture.yml:
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on:
schedule:
- cron: '17 9 * * *'
workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
capture:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: 20
- run: npm ci
- run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
- name: Capture page
run: node capture.js
env:
TARGET_URL: https://example.com
SCROLL_Y: '800'
OUTPUT: screenshot.png
- name: Save screenshot artifact
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: scheduled-screenshot
path: screenshot.pngThis example runs daily at 09:17 UTC, away from the top of the hour. Change the cron expression and, if needed, add a supported IANA timezone in the schedule configuration. The manual workflow_dispatch trigger lets you inspect a run before depending on the recurring schedule. The uploaded artifact makes the output available from the workflow run; use an appropriate persistent destination if you need long-term storage.
2. Verify the scheduled run
- Push the workflow to the repository’s default branch; that is the branch GitHub uses for scheduled workflows.
- Open the repository’s Actions tab and run the workflow manually with Run workflow.
- Inspect the job log for the saved-file message and download the artifact to confirm the captured position and dimensions.
- Check subsequent scheduled runs in the Actions tab and configure a notification or monitoring step if missed captures would matter.
Make screenshots comparable across runs
A recurring capture is useful for visual comparison only when the capture conditions are controlled. Fix the viewport width and height, device scale factor, URL, scroll offset, and timing or readiness condition. Playwright’s screenshot scale can use CSS-pixel sizing or device-pixel sizing; select deliberately if pixel dimensions matter. Its screenshot API also exposes styling and animation controls that can reduce visual drift from dynamic elements.
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- Viewport screenshot: records only the visible region after scrolling; appropriate when the target is a particular fold or section.
- Full-page screenshot: captures the complete scrollable document; image dimensions and page rendering behavior differ from a viewport capture.
- Nested scrolling: if the content sits inside a scrollable panel, scroll that element rather than only calling
window.scrollTo. An element screenshot of a scrollable element shows its currently scrolled content, as described in Playwright’s Python screenshot guide. - Moving content: advertisements, timestamps, carousels, sticky headers, consent banners, and animations can make repeated shots differ even at the same offset. Decide whether to wait for, hide, or suppress those elements, and apply the same policy on every run.
When to choose a different schedule or capture method
Choose the scheduler based on the required cadence, timezone, runtime availability, tolerance for delays, and how you will notice failures. GitHub documents a five-minute minimum interval, but does not guarantee exact execution time. It warns that high-load periods may delay scheduled workflows and that some queued jobs can be dropped. Avoid scheduling exactly at the start of an hour when timing matters. Public repositories with no activity for 60 days have scheduled workflows automatically disabled, according to the same documentation.
If the capture must finish at a hard deadline, do not treat a cron expression as an execution-time guarantee. Select infrastructure with reliability characteristics appropriate to that deadline and monitor actual completion.
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Troubleshooting
The screenshot shows the top of the page
Check that the scroll call runs after navigation and before page.screenshot(). If a client-side render resets the scroll, wait for the relevant content or perform the scroll after it has rendered. For an inner scrolling region, set that element’s scrollTop instead of the document position.
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The target section is not visible at the expected offset
Page content above the target may change height between runs, or the page may have a sticky header. Use a stable viewport and page state; if the target is identified by a selector, consider scrolling that element into view rather than relying on a numeric offset. Confirm whether the intended coordinate is document-relative or within a nested container.
Images or content are missing
domcontentloaded means the document was parsed, not that every image or asynchronous update is complete. Wait for the important image or content selector, or use a task-specific readiness check. Avoid assuming that a generic network-idle state is suitable for pages with ongoing requests.
The scheduled workflow does not run on time
GitHub may delay scheduled work during high load, especially near the start of an hour. Check the Actions run history rather than assuming the cron minute is exact; schedule away from the hour and add monitoring if delays or dropped runs are consequential.
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Confirm the workflow file is on the default branch and that the repository remains eligible for scheduled workflows. In a public repository, schedules are automatically disabled after 60 days without activity. Review the event and run history in Actions.
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The workflow fails while installing or launching Chromium
Ensure the Playwright package is installed from the project lockfile and that the browser installation step uses the same Playwright version. In GitHub Actions, npx playwright install --with-deps chromium installs Chromium and its system dependencies for the runner.
Or skip the browser setup
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