Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minutefullPage: true is Puppeteer’s documented option for capturing an entire page. captureBeyondViewport is a separate setting in both Puppeteer and Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP); it allows capture beyond the viewport, but the documentation does not define it as a universal substitute for a full-page screenshot. If you call CDP directly, use its parameter for the capture behavior you need and verify the result against your Chrome version and page.
What the two APIs do
Puppeteer’s Page.screenshot() is a higher-level API for taking a page screenshot. It returns image bytes by default, with a base64 option. Its ScreenshotOptions include both fullPage and captureBeyondViewport.
CDP’s Page.captureScreenshot is the lower-level protocol command. It accepts a captureBeyondViewport boolean and a clip rectangle, but the cited protocol entry does not list a fullPage parameter.
Which option should you use?
For an entire page in Puppeteer
Use fullPage: true. Puppeteer documents this option specifically for taking a full-page screenshot. Do not assume that setting captureBeyondViewport: true alone has identical behavior on every page or browser version.
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For a region beyond the visible viewport
With CDP, set captureBeyondViewport: true when you need capture beyond the viewport, optionally with a clip. The protocol documents the parameter’s default as false. That description does not promise that the result is a stitched image of the complete document.
When using Puppeteer’s option directly
Puppeteer describes captureBeyondViewport as capturing beyond the viewport. Its documented default depends on whether you supply clip: it is false without a clip and true when a clip is supplied. Set the value explicitly when that behavior matters, rather than relying on the conditional default.
Runnable examples
Puppeteer: full-page screenshot
Install Puppeteer with npm install puppeteer, then save this as screenshot.mjs and run it with Node.js. Puppeteer launches its associated browser by default.
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import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}fullPage: true is the relevant setting for the documented full-page intent. The navigation wait shown here is an example; pages with ongoing network activity may need a different readiness condition.
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CDP: capture beyond the viewport
In Puppeteer, you can access a CDP session and send the protocol command directly. This example requests capture beyond the viewport and writes the returned PNG data to disk.
import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
const session = await page.createCDPSession();
const { data } = await session.send('Page.captureScreenshot', {
format: 'png',
captureBeyondViewport: true,
});
await writeFile('page.png', Buffer.from(data, 'base64'));
await session.detach();
} finally {
await browser.close();
}This asks CDP for a screenshot beyond the viewport; it does not request a Puppeteer fullPage capture. If you need a specific region, CDP also accepts a clip rectangle. Confirm the coordinate and output behavior on your pinned Chrome version when the distinction is important.
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Capture a single element
For one element rather than a page or arbitrary CDP region, Puppeteer has ElementHandle.screenshot(). The documentation says it tries to scroll a hidden element into view by default.
const element = await page.$('.report-card');
if (!element) throw new Error('Report card not found');
await element.screenshot({ path: 'report-card.png' });Practical differences at a glance
| Need | Puppeteer | CDP |
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary page screenshot | page.screenshot() |
Page.captureScreenshot |
| Explicit full-page intent | fullPage: true |
No fullPage parameter in the cited method entry |
| Capture beyond viewport | captureBeyondViewport; default is false without clip, true with clip |
captureBeyondViewport; documented default is false |
| Capture a region | clip |
clip |
| Capture one element | ElementHandle.screenshot() |
Not compared in the cited method entry |
The option names overlap, but the APIs expose different controls and abstractions. The references do not establish that their outputs are equivalent in every rendering situation.
What to verify on real pages
The API references do not provide a version-by-version compatibility matrix, hard maximum screenshot dimensions, or exhaustive guarantees for lazy-loaded images and unusual layouts. If completeness matters, test with the exact Puppeteer and Chrome versions you deploy and the target page types.
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- Check whether the page’s content has finished rendering before capture; a navigation event alone may not mean that application content or images are ready.
- Test long documents and pages that load content as you scroll. The documentation cited here does not guarantee that lazy-loaded content will be present in a full-page result.
- For clipped captures, verify the intended region and resulting image dimensions in your environment.
- Keep Puppeteer and Chrome versions pinned in production, then rerun representative captures when upgrading either component.
Troubleshooting
The screenshot contains only the visible area
For a Puppeteer full-page capture, check that the call uses fullPage: true. In CDP, captureBeyondViewport: true requests capture beyond the viewport, but it is not documented as synonymous with Puppeteer’s full-page option.
A clipped Puppeteer capture behaves differently than expected
Puppeteer’s documented default for captureBeyondViewport changes when clip is present. Set the option explicitly and test the clip against the target Chrome version.
Images or page content are missing
Do not infer from the screenshot option alone that all content has loaded. Wait for the page-specific element or state that indicates readiness, and test pages with lazy loading or asynchronous rendering. The cited API references do not specify a universal solution for those cases.
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The CDP command fails or output differs across environments
Check that the command is sent through a live CDP session attached to the intended page, and compare behavior using the Chrome version your application actually runs. The cited documentation does not settle all version-specific edge cases.
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