Use a headless Chromium browser from Node.js: navigate to the page, then call page.pdf(). Puppeteer and Playwright both support this workflow. By default, the PDF uses print CSS rather than the page’s screen styling; switch the page to screen media before generating the PDF if that is what you need.
Save a webpage as a PDF with Puppeteer
Install Puppeteer in your Node.js project with npm install puppeteer. This example saves the PDF as page.pdf in the current working directory. It uses print styling, which is the default for PDF generation.
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
async function savePageAsPdf() {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://news.ycombinator.com', {
waitUntil: 'networkidle2',
});
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf' });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
}
savePageAsPdf().catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exitCode = 1;
});The path option selects the output file. Puppeteer’s PDF method also returns PDF bytes, so you can use the result in memory instead of writing directly to a file. Puppeteer documents that PDF generation waits for fonts by default. See the Puppeteer PDF guide and Page.pdf API.
Use Playwright instead
Install Playwright with npm install playwright. PDF export is supported only in Chromium. The following example writes the PDF to a file; page.pdf() also returns a buffer.
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const { chromium } = require('playwright');
async function savePageAsPdf() {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://news.ycombinator.com', {
waitUntil: 'networkidle',
});
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf' });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
}
savePageAsPdf().catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exitCode = 1;
});For the documented options and Chromium limitation, see Playwright’s Page API and PDF export documentation.
Choose print or screen styling
Both APIs render using the page’s print CSS by default. That can make the PDF differ from what appears in a normal browser window: sites may hide navigation or change layout for printing. To request screen styling, set the media type before calling page.pdf().
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Puppeteer screen media
await page.emulateMediaType('screen');
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf' });Playwright screen media
await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'screen' });
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf' });Screen media changes which CSS rules apply; it does not guarantee a pixel-identical copy of the browser window. The site’s CSS and your PDF settings still shape the output.
Control paper size, margins, and backgrounds
Set PDF options to match the intended document. Playwright documents paper formats such as Letter and A4, page dimensions, margins, scale, page ranges, background printing, and whether CSS page size takes precedence. Background graphics are not printed by default, and CSS @page sizing does not take precedence unless preferCSSPageSize is enabled.
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await page.pdf({
path: 'page.pdf',
format: 'A4',
printBackground: true,
preferCSSPageSize: true,
margin: {
top: '12mm',
right: '12mm',
bottom: '12mm',
left: '12mm',
},
});These are Playwright option names; check the API documentation for the options available in your chosen library and version. For Puppeteer, printed colors may be adjusted by the browser. Its documentation recommends -webkit-print-color-adjust in CSS when exact print colors are needed. Neither library can make unrelated websites render identically: the page’s print rules, paper dimensions, margins, and background settings all matter.
Wait for the content your PDF needs
Navigation completion is not always the same as application readiness. A page may load images or data after its initial document navigation. Use the navigation wait condition that fits the site, and, for dynamic content, wait for a page-specific selector or state before generating the PDF. There is no universal readiness condition for every site.
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Puppeteer’s documented PDF method waits for fonts by default. If the output is missing content or looks incomplete, inspect the target page’s loading behavior and wait for the relevant content before calling page.pdf().
Troubleshooting PDF output
- The PDF layout differs from the browser: PDF uses print CSS by default. Try the screen-media method above if you want screen styling, or adjust the site’s print CSS when you control it.
- Colors or images are missing: Enable background printing with the applicable PDF option. For Puppeteer color adjustments, consider the documented
-webkit-print-color-adjustCSS property. - Content is absent or stale: The page may still be rendering dynamic data. Wait for a selector or state specific to the page before creating the PDF.
- The PDF uses unexpected paper dimensions: Set the paper format or dimensions and margins explicitly. In Playwright, enable
preferCSSPageSizeif the page’s CSS@pagesize should take precedence. - Playwright does not produce a PDF in another browser: Playwright PDF generation is Chromium-only.
- The script reports an error during navigation or PDF creation: Make sure the browser is closed in a
finallyblock, as in the examples, and log the caught error to identify whether navigation or output generation failed.
Or skip the browser setup
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Node.js create a PDF without saving it to disk first?
Yes. Puppeteer returns PDF bytes and Playwright returns a buffer from `page.pdf()`, so a `path` is not required when you want the output in memory.
Does Playwright support PDF generation in Firefox or WebKit?
No. Playwright documents PDF generation as Chromium-only.
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